I'T AND SHOPPING

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I.T AND SHOPPING
BY SIAN FRYER
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CONTENTS
TITLE SLIDE NO. Introduction 3
INPUT DEVICES Bar Code Readers 5 Card Swipe
Readers 9 OUTPUT DEVICES LCD
Screens 12 Receipt Printer 13 OTHER
USES OF I.T IN SHOPPING Credit and Debit Cards
15 Advantages and Disadvantages 16 Reward
Cards 18 Shop and Go 20 Databases 21
Internet Shopping 25 Bibliography 26
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INTRODUCTION

• I.T is used a lot in shopping these days.

• You cant go into a shop without being
  confronted with something to do with computers.

• An example of this is bar codes. They are
  scanned into a computer by a bar code reader (an
  input device). The computer understands the code.

• A card swipe reader can read the strip on the
  back of credit cards.

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INPUT DEVICES
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Bar Code Readers

• A bar code is made up of a series of black and
  white lines

• The bar code reader remembers where the light is
  reflected back (the
  white bits) and where it is absorbed (the black
  bits)

• The cash register uses the data from the code to
  identify the item and look up its latest price
  and print the information on the customers
  receipt.

• Bar codes are commonly used to store data such
  as prices and stock codes relating to products in
  shops and supermarkets.

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• Bar codes in shops use EAN European Article
  Numbers. The last digit in an EAN is a check
  digit.

• The Modulo 10 method is used to calculate the
  check digit.

• There are 3 different pieces of information in
  the EAN

• The supplier code

• The item code

• The check digit

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MODULO 10
We can see if this is a valid EAN number using
the Modulo 10 method.
First we add together alternate digits, starting
with the second
010930 13
Then multiply the answer by 3
13 x 3 39
Add together all the remaining digits except the
last one (the check digit)
513850 22
Add these two answers together
39 22 61
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The check digit is the smallest number that has
to be added to this answer to make it a multiple
of 10.
The next multiple of 10 is 70
70 - 61 9
The check digit was 9 so this is a valid number.
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CARD SWIPE READERS

• Credit, debit and reward cards have a magnetic
  stripe on the back, known as a magstripe.

• When the card is swiped through the card reader,
  the computer can read the information from the
  card and check whether the holder has enough
  money to pay.

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• After the card is swiped, the card reader phones
  a stored number through a modem to an acquirer.

• An acquirer is an organisation that collects
  credit authentication requests and provides
  payment guarantees

• After the card is checked, the bank is informed
  how much money to take away or add to the bank
  account

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OUTPUT DEVICES
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LCD SCREEN

• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screens weigh less
  and can be smaller than normal CRT (Cathode Ray
  Tube) displays.

• They are often used on laptops, calculators and
  till screens.

• They are available in high resolution and colour,
  but the viewing angle is limited.

• You can tell if a screen is an LCD screen
  because it is small and not very deep, and you
  need to be looking pretty much straight at it to
  be able to read it easily.

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RECEIPT PRINTER

• A receipt printer is used to print receipts,
  normally in a checkout in a supermarket.

• The receipt printer prints out the receipt,
  showing all the products that customer has
  bought, their price and the total price.

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OTHER USES OF I.T IN SHOPPING
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CREDIT AND DEBIT CARDS

• More business transactions than ever are paid
  for by transferring money from one account to
  another instead of using cash.

• Credit cards allow someone to borrow money when
  making a purchase and settle the debt later

• Debit cards, on the other hand, transfer money
  that is already in someones bank account to
  settle the bill.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CREDIT CARDS
Advantages
For the shopkeeper
People will buy more things because it doesnt
matter if they dont have the money at that
moment in time.
For the shopper
They can buy things that they need and not have
to pay until next month.
Disadvantages
For the shopkeeper
They have to pay a premium to the credit card
company, and there is a danger that the shopper
will not have enough money to pay.
For the shopper
Its easier to run up a huge bill on a credit
card as it works even if you dont have enough
money in your account.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DEBIT CARDS
Advantages
For the shopkeeper
The shopkeeper is certain that the customer is
able to pay, because their account is checked
before the card is debited.
For the shopper
They can be sure that they wont spend more money
than they have.
Disadvantages
For the shopkeeper
People wont be quite so free-spending because
they are limited by what they have in their
account.
For the shopper
If they dont have the money, even to buy
something they really need, its tough luck!
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REWARD CARDS

• Many shops offer reward or loyalty cards to
  their shoppers. These allow points to be given
  to the shoppers for loyalty or special purchases.

These cards benefit shops because

• The shop can find out customer shopping habits
  and preferences and arrange suitable promotions.

• Encourages customers to come back again and
  again.

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However, their disadvantage is

• The company doesnt know what to do with all the
  information it collects!

This is why Safeway withdrew its reward cards.
The advantages for the shopper are

• They can get money off some products.

• Faithful customers are well rewarded with
  special offers.

Their disadvantage is

• Many of the offers arent that good!

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SHOP AND GO

• Shop and Go is used by busy people who havent
  go time to queue in a supermarket.

• After registering, you just pick up one of the
  Shop and Go hand held scanners, and scan each
  product as you put it into your trolley.

• The information from these scanners is put into
  a computer and you pay, without having to queue.

• This service is currently unique to Safeways

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DATABASES

• Shops use databases to keep track of their
  products.

• These contain an item description, price,
  quantity in stock and a re-order level. Other
  things may also be kept in the database.

• The file containing all the information is
  called the Master File.

• Stock is an asset to a company, but it ties up
  valuable resources which could be invested
  elsewhere. That is why a re-order level is
  necessary.

• When it reaches the same level as the re-order
  level, either it alerts the staff, or it can
  re-order some more automatically.

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• Every day the shop keeps a record of what had
  been sold. This record is kept on a transaction
  file.

• Every night the transaction file is sorted out
  and then the Master File is updated.

• This Master File is stored on a Mainframe
  computer. This is a very very powerful computer
  with a huge amount of storage space - usually in
  terabytes.

• After the Master file is updated, stock levels
  are compared with re-order levels.

IF QUANTITY IN STOCK lt RE-ORDER LEVEL THEN
RE-ORDER
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THIS IS HOW THE MASTER FILE IS UPDATED
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INTERNET SHOPPING

• Internet shopping is known as e-commerce.

• Every day more shops offer online ordering, and
  more customers take advantage of it.

• You can shop online with Tesco, Sainsburys and
  other supermarkets, and websites like
  Amazon.co.uk.

• The problem with Internet shopping is the
  Internet is not secure, but many sites now use
  encryption techniques to get round this problem.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
GNVQ Advanced Information Technology (ISBN
0-907679-80-3) by Geoffrey Knott and Nick Watts A
Level Computing 3rd Edition (ISBN
1-85805-170-3) by P M Heathcote GCSE ICT Success
(ISBN 1-84085-602-5) by Sean OByrne HowStuffWorks
(Website) www.howstuffworks.com
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THE END!