Cogeneration

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Cogeneration
by Michael Bokor
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Definition

• Sustainability
• Capable of being continued with minimal long-term
  effect on the environment.
• In the terms of the 1987 Brundtland Report,
  sustainable development is development that
  "Meeting the needs of the present generation
  without compromising the ability of future
  generations to meet their needs."

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Boiler plant information

• The purpose of the Main Boiler House is to
  provide steam 24 hours a day to 32 buildings on
  campus and the Freshman Dorm area.
• The boiler plant uses natural gas and provides
  all the steam used on campus.
• The steam is used for heating,
• air conditioning, and hot water.

Main Boiler House
Air Compressor
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Problem on campus

• The boiler plant is very inefficient do to excess
  amounts of heat energy loss.
• The heating bill for the winter of 05-06 was more
  then 4 million dollars over budget.
• The price of the natural gas that R.P.I purchased
  has doubled in the last 5 years.

Boiler
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Solution

• Cogeneration - A process in which an industrial
  facility uses its waste energy to produce heat or
  electricity.
• Cogeneration is an energy-efficient,
  environmentally-friendly method of producing
  electricity (power), steam and/or hot water at
  the same time, in one process, with one fuel.

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Cogeneration (combined heat and power or CHP)

• is the use of a power station to simultaneously
  generate both heat and electricity.
• Conventional power plants emit the heat created
  as a byproduct of electricity generation into the
  environment through cooling towers, as flue gas,
  or by other means.
• CHP captures the excess heat for domestic or
  industrial heating purposes.

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History

• Hot-air cogeneration, which is found in
  modern combustion turbines, can be traced back to
  medieval smoke
• jacks.
• Steam cogeneration was first applied to the
  steam jack, which appeared in the early
  seventeenth century.
• By the late eighteenth century, waste steam
  from manufacturing processes was used to power
  steam engines, and the hot condenser water was
  used again for other process
• purposes.

Bailey's Patent Steam Jack1793 America's first
steam turbine This spit-turning device, or
"jack," may well be the first steam turbine built
and used in America. Used to turn a fireplace
spit, it may also represent the earliest
non-industrial application of steam power.
a smoke jack, a device that took advantage of the
rising heat in the flu to turn a vane, which in
turn rotated the spit via a simple train of gears
and a chain. Leonardo da Vinci illustrated a
smoke jack in his sketchbook in the late 1400's.

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Cogeneration solutions simply reduce waste, with
only 10-15 losses, compare that with the 55 or
more using traditional generation methods and it
is clear that cogeneration uses fuel more
efficiently.
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How it will help

• Estimates are that the boiler plant is 50
  efficient at capturing heat for use around the
  campus.
• Instituting a cogeneration plant along side the
  boiler plant could rise that efficiency rate to
  around 70-90, thereby saving a lot of wasted
  energy.

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Contributing to prevention of global warming

• A cogeneration system utilizes exhaust heat which
  is dumped in generating electricity, and so makes
  the most of the limited resources.
• Because it reduces the amount of exhausting
  greenhouse gas such as CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) and
  NOx(Nitrogen Oxides), it can contribute a lot to
  prevention of global warming. 

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Proven technology

• Over 150 colleges universities around the
  nation have cogeneration plants.
• M.I.T cogeneration plant has reduced emissions by
  45 or 13,000 car roundtrips into Cambridge per
  day!
• University of Oregon cogeneration plant produces
  30 of the universitys electricity from the
  byproduct of steam production.
• University of Maryland has installed a 26-MW
  Cogen system that it says saves the institution
  6 million per year in energy costs.

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References

• http//www.answers.com/cogenerationr67 4/16/06
• http//www.standardaeroenergy.com/main/cogeneratio
  n.htm 4/16/06
• http//www.rpi.edu/bortonh/PVTracker/OHtalk.html
  4/16/06
• http//www.poly.rpi.edu/article_view.php3?view441
  part1 4/16/06
• http//cogen.mit.edu/ 4/18/06
• http//www.osu.edu/osu/newsrel/Archive/00-07-07_Tr
  ustees_Construction_Projects.html 4/18/06
• http//www.schmitt-enertec.com/cogeneration/what.h
  tm 4/22/06