BETTER AIR QUALITY 2004 SPECIFIC TRANSPORT MEASURES TO REDUCE EMISSIONS IN HYDERABAD, INDIA Yash Sac

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BETTER AIR QUALITY 2004SPECIFIC TRANSPORT
MEASURES TO REDUCE EMISSIONS IN HYDERABAD, INDIA
Yash Sachdeva, RITES LtdViresh Goel, RITES
LtdD.S.Chari, RITES Ltd6 - 8 DECEMBER,
2004AGRA, INDIA
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TRANSPORTATION POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

• Typical policy alternatives to reduce emissions
  in developing countries have relied mainly on
  technology improvements
• While technology improvement is desirable, the
  impacts of transportation policies on emissions
  also need to be considered
• Maintaining mobility levels also important for
  sustainable development
• This IES component should help policy makers
  understand the broader impacts of transportation
  policy

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SCOPE OF WORK

• Study components for Transportation
• Part-I Scenarios for More Effective Public
  Transit Services
• Part-II Traffic Management and Measures to
  improve Traffic Flow
• Part-IIITechnology/ Training Measures relating
  to 2-stroke vehicles

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STUDY AREA CHARACTERISTICS
STUDY AREA The area under jurisdiction of
Hyderabad Urban Development Authority(HUDA)
-1865sq.km POPULATION YEAR POPULATION
(MILLION) URBAN AGGL. HUDA Area 2001 5.7
6.4 2011 9.0 2021 13.6 Projected
Figures as per Master Plan for Hyderabad
Metropolitan Area-2020 REGISTERED MOTOR VEHICLES
(2002) TOTAL MOTOR VEHICLES
14.5 MILLION AUTO RICKSHAW 5
CARS JEEPS 13 TWO
WHEELERS 77
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STUDY AREA
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PRIMARY TRAFFIC TRAVEL SURVEYS

• Road Network Inventory Survey
• Speed and Delay Survey
• Turning Movement Traffic Count Survey
• Traffic Signal Time Survey
• Parking Survey
• Pedestrian Survey
• Household Travel Survey(Activity Diary Stated
  Preference)
• Passengers Opinion Survey(Public Pvt.Mode)
• and Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Surveys

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DIAGRAM OF TRANSPORTATION ASSESSMENT PROCESS
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TRAVEL DEMAND FORECASTING

• Takes raw inputs in the form of forecasts of
• Population
• Employment
• Socio-demographic information
• Spatial distribution of activities
• Transportation networks and services offered
• Produces forecasts of
• Volume of traffic for each important link in a
  transportation network (for all modes)
• Operating speeds along those links
• Traffic volumes factored up to aggregate
  forecasts of PKT and VKT
• Speed and aggregate volumes used to calculate
  emissions, using a vehicle emissions package
• Feedback loop technique used to assess induced
  transport demand

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MODAL SPLIT(2003)

• MODE of Total Peron trips (only
  motorised)) (all person trips)
• 2 Wheeler 46.6 31.0
• Car 3.2 2.2
• Auto( 3 Seater) 7.6 5.0
• Auto( 7 Seater) 1.0
  0.7
• Bus 41.3 27.6
• Rail 0.3 0.2
• Cycle -- 2.9
• Cycle Rickshaw --
  0.2
• Walk -- 30.2
• TOTAL 100.0
  100.0
• TOTAL TRIPS/DAY 8.2 Million

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PART- I SCENARIOS FOR MORE EFFECTIVE PUBLIC
TRANSIT SERVICE

• Business-As-Usual(BAU) Scenario
• Further decline in bus ridership
• Increase in use of personalized and IPT modes
• Increase in traffic congestion on roads
• Further decline in bus speeds which will lead to
  high travel time
• Higher vehicle km by 2-wh,cars and auto rick.
• Increase in emissions from motorized vehicles
• Goal of this component quantify BAU and
  alternative public transport scenarios

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ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS TO MAKE BUS TRANSPORT SYSTEM
MORE EFFECTIVE

• Exclusive bus lanes/ways
• Provision of adequate and well designed bus stops
• Priority of buses at traffic signals
• Bus Route Rationalization

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DAILY VEHICLE KILOMETERS TRAVELLED(VKT) FOR STUDY
AREA

• Business-As-Usual(BAU) Scenario ( in 000)
• Mode 2003 2011 2021
• Bus 695 942 1223
• Auto 4499 5941 14799
• Car 2542 3518 4851
• 2-w 13556 23274
  30387
• Total 21292 33675
  51260
• More effective bus transit service scenario
• Mode 2011 2021
• Bus 1339 2184
• Auto 2387 3939
• Car 3380 4587
• 2-w 19139 25479
• Total 26245
  36189

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ESTIMATED DAILY EMISSIONS FOR STUDY AREA(BAU
SCENARIO)

• EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• 2003 2011
  2021
• CO 630 1208 3045
• PM 6 12 32
• CO2 2916 5144 11238
• CH4 30 61 171

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REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS OVER BAU SCENARIO WITH
MORE EFFECTIVE BUS TRANSIT SYSTEM SCENARIO FOR
STUDY AREA

• REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• 2011 2021
• CO 327(27) 1410(46)
• PM 4(35) 18(55)
• CO2 688(13) 3793(34)
• CH4 23(38) 102(59)
• Figures in braces indicate the percentage
  reduction.

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PART-II TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND MEASURES TO
IMPROVE TRAFFIC FLOW

• Corridors
• I. Sanathnagar to Nalgonda X Road Corridor
  (12.6 km)
• II. Panjagutta to Secunderabad Corridor ( 8 km)
• Three scenarios developed for the identified
  corridors viz.
• BAU Scenario
• GEP Scenario(Reduction of Side
  friction,Provision of Foot path,
  Synchronization of Traffic signals along
  with junction improvements to reduce
  intersection delays)
• Flyover Scenario(for corridor from Sanatnagar
  to Nalgonda X Road)

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DAILY EMISSIONS IN TWO IDENTIFIED CORRIDORS FOR
BAU SCENARIO

• EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• Corridor I Corridor - II
• 2011 2021
  2011 2021
• VKT(000) 1778 2825 677 919
• CO 75 246 26 51
• PM 1 3 0.2 1
• CO2 313 910 92 158
• CH4 4 16 1 3

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REDUCTION IN DAILY EMISSIONS OVER BAU FOR SIDE
FRICTION SCENARIO

• REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• Corridor I Corridor -
  II
• 2011 2021 2011
  2021
• CO 15(20) 125(51) 1(4)
  10(19)
• PM 0.2(26) 2(57) 0.01(4)
  0.1(25)
• CO2 81(26) 511(56) 5(5)
  38(24)
• CH4 1(25) 9(55) 0.1(4)
  1(24)
• Figures in braces indicate the percentage
  reduction.

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REDUCTION IN DAILY EMISSIONS OVER BAU FOR
PROVISION OF FOOT PATH SCENARIO

• REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• Corridor I Corridor - II
• 2011 2021 2011 2021
• CO 14(19) 117(47) 1(4) 9(17)
• PM 0.2(26) 2(53) 0.01(4)
  0.1(23)
• CO2 78(25) 475(52) 5(50)
  34(21)
• CH4 1(24) 8(52) 0.1(4)
  1(21)
• Figures in braces indicate the percentage
  reduction.

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REDUCTION IN DAILY EMISSIONS OVER BAU FOR
SYNCHRONISATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNALSJUNCTION
IMPROVEMENT SCENARIO

• REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• Sanatnagar-Nalgonda Corridor
• 2011 2021
• CO 14(18) 50(20)
• PM 0.2(20) 1(21)
• CO2 71(23) 209(23)
• CH4 1(19) 3(21)
• Figures in braces indicate the percentage
  reduction.

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REDUCTION IN DAILY EMISSIONS OVER BAU FOR
FLYOVER SCENARIO

• REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY
• Sanatnagar-Nalgonda Corridor
• 2011 2021
• CO 0.1(0.2) 33.4(14)
• PM 0.1(8) 0.6(19)
• CO2 20(6) 175(19)
• CH4 0.4(8) 3(17)
• Figures in braces indicate the percentage
  reduction.

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PART-III VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY/ TRAINING MEASURES
RELATED OT TWO-STROKE VEHICLES

• 80 of 2 Wheelers are with 2-stroke engines
• 3 Wheelers are predominantly with 2-stroke
  engines
• Fuels blended with lesser quality
  fuel(adulteration)
• Inconsistent driving habits
• As a result, 2-stroke two or three wheelers in
  Hyderabad contribute quite disproportionately to
  air quality problems.

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TWO - STROKE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS(MO)TRAINING

• MO Training programs can spread awareness and
  reduce emissions.
• Goal of component What is the envelope of
  improvement that can be expected, and how cost
  effective would that be?

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REDUCTION IN DAILY EMISSIONS DUE TO M O
TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR 2-STROKE VEHICLES

• REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS IN TONNES PER DAY for
  STUDY AREA
• 2011 2021
• CO 6 43
• PM 0.1 0.5
• CO2 9 70
• CH4 0.4 3

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• Improved bus transit can attract traffic from 23
  wheelers,cars and reduce emissions
  significantly.Therefore, more effective bus
  transit services should be provided.
• Traffic Management Measures such as removal of
  side friction,segregation of vehicular and
  pedestrian traffic and synchronisation of traffic
  signals should be implemented on all the major
  corridors wherever feasible. These measures are
  low cost and very effective in reducing
  vehicular emission levels.
• Although long flyovers attract higher traffic as
  compared to BAU scenario, they can still reduce
  emissions. However, construction of flyover
  should be planned carefully in view of the issue
  of sustainable development.
• Training programs and publicity for better
  maintenance of vehicle and proper driving habits
  of 2-stroke vehicle drivers should be carried out
  regularly.

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THANKS FOR YOUR TIME AND ATTENTION