Fuel Efficiency Innovations

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Fuel Efficiency Innovations

• Hype vs. Results
• Gary Gaussoin
• Silver Eagle Manufacturing Co.

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Silver Eagle Manufacturing

• Oregon Business founded in the 1930s
• Founder C. Julius Judy Gaussoin
• Privately Held

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United States Energy Consumption
4
Use Expected to Grow
U. S. Transportation Fuel Consumption Trends
Actual
Projected
20
18
Air
16
Water
14
Rail
Domestic Production
Heavy Trucks
Off-road
12
Millions Barrels / Day
10
8
6
Light Trucks
4
Autos
2
0
2020
1980
1990
2000
2010
1970
YEAR
5
Who Uses What?
U. S. Fuel Consumption for Ground Vehicles
Actual
Projected
20
18
16
14
Domestic Production
Heavy Trucks
12
Millions Barrels / Day
10
Light Trucks
8
6
Light Trucks
4
Autos
2
0
2020
1980
1990
2000
2010
1970
YEAR
6
vs.

• 7.7 gallons for 1.22
• 0.159 / gallon

• Priceless

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Efficiency
OUTPUTS INPUTS
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Factors

• INPUTS
• Dollars
• Gallons
• Time
• Labor
• Other

• OUTPUTS
• Hours
• Revenue
• Miles
• Pounds
• Pallets
• Units

Make sure you measure what is important.
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Factors Affecting m.p.g.
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Examples

• Decisions
• Driver behavior
• Speed
• Idling
• Route selection
• Environment
• Wind
• Temp
• Wet or Dry
• Legislative

• Equipment
• Specifications
• Tractor Type
• Trailer Type

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Equipment Solutionsas suggested by EPAs SmartWay
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Fuel Economy Improvement Some Options
Driver ??? Aerodynamics 20 Idle
Reduction 10 Tires 5 Weight
(Tare) 2 Lubes 2
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Engines

• Engines
• Regeneration - Diesel Particulate Filter 2007
• 1 gallon per 300 miles (-2)
• Weight
• Correctly Sized
• Idling
• 1 gallon per hour _at_1,000 rpm
• 0.8 gallon per hour _at_ 800 rpm
• Get an Updated Fuel Map

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Idle Reduction

• Find Out Your By Driver
• Find Out Your By Vehicle
• 1 Gallon Per Hour Consumed
• Fleets Have Shown 70 - 5 Idling!
• Warm-up / Cool Down Times Excessive
• Five minute Shut Down

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Alternative Power Unit (APU)

• Back-up For Idling
• Heat Less Energy Than Cooling
• Hotel Loads
• Possible to use Reefer unit for Alternative Power

• Other
• Electric / Solar APU
• Fuel Fired Heat
• Engine Coolant Heat

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Tires

• Tires Matter - 2-4 m.p.g.
• New May Reduce
• Fuel Efficient
• Wide Based
• Inflation pressure
• Inflation Systems
• Alignment
• Reduced Effort
• Can Affect Aerodynamic Load

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Aerodynamics

• They Work
• Benefit Increases Geometrically With Speed
• Other Potential Benefits
• Splash and Spray
• Drivability Directional Stability
• Reduced Buffeting of Traffic

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Tractor-Trailer Drag Areas
25-35 Tractor Drag
65-75 Trailer Drag - 30 Trailer Front Face -
30 Trailer Base - 30 Undercarriage - 10 Side
and Top Surfaces
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Benefit of Aerodynamic Technologies
400
Rolling Resistance Aux Aerodynamic
Resistance Total Total - 20 Drag Reduction
350
300
250
HP
200
A 20 drag reduction produces A 10 mpg
increase.
150
100
50
0
20
30
40
50
60
80
70
MPH
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What is Drag?
Aerodynamic drag is the force that resists the
movement of a solid object through a fluid.
There are two components of drag Pressure Drag -
Force acting normal to the surface Friction
Drag - Force acting tangential to the surface
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Drag Reduction Technology Options
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Hybrids

• Electric
• Heavy, but Maturing
• Hydraulic
• New, Showing Promise

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Alternate Fuels

• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
• Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
• Ethanol
• Biodiesel
• Hydrogen
• Electric

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Comparison of Fuels
()  It takes 46 MJ of energy to produce a
kilogram of EtOH from corn!
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Biodiesel

• Energy Independence Security Act
• Biodiesel 1.00 Tax Credit Ends This Year
• Good Lubricity
• B2 Excellent Choice
• Cold Weather Issues
• B20 OK w/ Treatment

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Hydrogen Enriched Combustion (HEC)

• Dilemma
• Storing Is Out Of Favor

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Hydrogen Enriched Combustion (HEC)

• FACTS
• Improves Combustion Efficiency
• Reduces Harmful Emissions
• Energy to Create On-board Generation Can Exceed
  Fuel Reduction
• Everyone Does Not Agree

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Hydrogen Enriched Combustion (HEC)

• Caution
• Difficult / Touchy Process
• Not Perfected

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Hydrogen Enriched Combustion (HEC)

• Recommendation
• HEC / Electrolysis Not Best Choice Now
• Wait a Few Years

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Electrical Power

• Quiet
• Powerful
• Slow Recovery
• Heavy
• Wasteful??

1899 Daimler Electric Mail Truck
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Whats Coming

• Regenerative Braking
• Part of Hybrid Strategy
• V2G Vehicle to Grid
• Hydrogen Fuel Cells
• Prediction
• Onboard Liquid Fuel Will Stay 1

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Some Resources

• SmartWay
• www.epa.gov/smartway
• Cascade Sierra Solutions
• California Air Resources Board (CARB)
• www.arb.ca.gov
• Rocky Mountain Institute
• www.rmi.org

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Questions