Evolving Concepts in CNS/ATM

1
Evolving Concepts in CNS/ATM
Mr. John McGraw, FAA 20th Annual JAA/FAA
International Conference Iceland, May 29-June 3,
2003
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Overview

• RTSP Concept
• CNS/ATM (r)Evolution
• COM, SUR, NAV
• Capstone - Implementing Change

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"Performance Based"
COM RCP
NAV RNP
SUR RSP
ATM

• Balance between Aircraft-ATS Requirements
• Credit for systems and capabilities
• Savings for ANSP - Reduced Infrastructure
  Requirements

4

CNS/ATM (r)Evolution

• Today
• RNAV
• RNP
• RVSM
• FANS
• VDL 1, 2, 4
• ADS-A B
• ACARS
• Mode S, UAT

• Promoting International Harmonization

• Avoiding divergent paths in Communications
• Promoting convergence in Navigation and
  Surveillance

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CommunicationADS-B Link Decision

• July 1, 2002 - two ADS-B Technologies
• 1090 Extended Squitter
• For high altitude airspace
• For airspace principally used by domestic and
  commercial aircraft
• SARPS and MOPS exist for 1090 ES
• UAT
• GA not capable of high altitude flight
• If 1090ES alone cannot meet long-term goals, UAT
  provides a complimentary service
• TIS-B on 1090 uplink
• Reports for non-ADS-B and UAT equipped aircraft

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NEXCOMTransition to Digital Communications
5-10 years
Next 5 years
10-15 years
15-20 years
Enroute High Airspace
VDL-3Link
0101010100110010101
0101010100110010101
0101010100110010101
01010101001
VDL-2 Datalink
0101
01010101001
RCAG
10011001011010101
Analog Voice
ARTCC
01010
AFSS
National Airspace
Terminal Airspace

• Analog Voice, 25 KHz
• Initial Datalink (VDL-2)
• Full Operational Evaluation Exercise of Digital
  Voiceand Datalink (VDL-3)

• Maintain Terminal Analog Voice
• Implement VDL-3Digital Voice
• Expand Datalink VDL-2Applications

• Expand EnrouteDigital Voice (VDL-3)
• Initiate TerminalDigital Voice (VDL-3)
• Increase Datalink Capacity Capability (VDL-2
  VDL-3)

• Expand Digital Voice (VDL-3) to all domains
• Expand Datalink Capacityin all domainsand all
  applications(VDL-2 VDL-3)

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Advanced Avionics Surveillance Advisory Circular

• Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI)
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
  (ADS-B)
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Contract
  (ADS-C)

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AC on Airworthiness and Operational Approval of
Surveillance

• Joint Aircraft Certification and Flight Standards
  Advisory Circular
• Provides an airworthiness to operational approval
  road map
• Design approval guidance for appliance and
  installation
• System safety assessment
• Hazard classification and RTCA DO-178B software
  level
• Air/Ground interoperability requirements
• System validation tests
• Aircraft ground and flight test
• Operational approval process for applications
• Operational safety assessment
• Training requirements

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AC on Airworthiness and Operational Approval of
Surveillance (cont)

• Provide guidelines on the design approval of
  certain aircraft surveillance functions
• CDTI symbol set and human factors
• TCAS II , CDTI and ADS-B target correlation
• Airport Surface Situational Awareness (ASSA)
• Traffic Information Service (TIS)
• Integrated conflict detection systems
• Surveillance display guidance for a Multiple
  Function Display
• ADS-A position reports for oceanic/remote
  operations
• 1090 MHz data link transponders
• Universal Asynchronous Transceiver data link
  transponders

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Surveillance AC Schedule

• January 21, 2003
• April 30, 2003
• December 30, 2003
• March 15, 2004
• May 31, 2004
• July 28, 2004

• Begin initial draft advisory circular
• Begin AIR-130/AFS 400 formal review
• Clearance record signoff
• Publish document in the Federal Register
• Disposition comments
• Published Approved AC

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RVSM Implemented PlannedAs of May 2003
Canada North 4/02
Canada South 1/05
Europe 1/02
Domestic US 1/05
NAT 3/97
Mid East 11/03
Pacific 2/00
Pacific 2/00
EUR/SAM Corridor 1/02
WATRS 11/01
Western Pacific South China Sea 2/02
Asia/Europe South of Himalayas 11/ 03
CAR/SAM 2005
Australia 11/01
Western Pacific/South China Sea February
2002 Implementation
Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh, Kota
Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Phnom Penh,
Sanya, Singapore, Taipei October 2002
Implementation
Hanoi, Hong Kong, Jakarta,
Ujung Pandang, Vientiane
Implemented
Planned
V. 6.8 5-23-02
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PROGRAM ELEMENTS

• Aircraft and Operators authorized by the
  administrator or for non-US operators/aircraft,
  the appropriate authority
• Aircraft altimetry, autopilot, and altitude alert
  system modified, as necessary to RVSM standards
• RVSM policy and procedures incorporated into
  controller, pilot, and dispatch programs
• Air Traffic systems and programs revised

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PROGRAM ELEMENTS (cont)

• MONITORING
• Aircraft altitude keeping observed to confirm
  performance standards are being met
• Ground and airborne monitoring systems used to
  independently monitor aircraft performance
• 3-5 Aircraft Geometric Measurement Element
  Clusters (AGHME) are being sited
• SAFETY ANALYSIS
• Is being conducted on accepted Collision Risk
  Modeling Practices (ICAO Doc. 9574 v2)
• Completion by June 2004

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RVSM CONCLUSION

• Implement DRVSM from FL290-FL410 in the airspace
  of the United States, Alaska, the Gulf of Mexico
  where the FAA provides air traffic services and
  possibly the San Juan FIR.
• The United States, Canada, and Mexico are
  planning a joint implementation of RVSM.
• DRVSM is proposed to be implemented on
• January 20, 2005 0901UTC.

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CNS - Navigation
Surveillance
Communication
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RNP for Departure and Approach
Enhanced Airport Capacity, Destination Access,
Safety
Safe 3-D Path to each Rwy and a safe path back
out
User Driven Safety Benefits
No Dive and Drive For Air Transport
Special Procedures Capturing Performance Benefits
Promoting Safety
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New York Traffic Flow Proposal LaGuardia vs
Kennedy
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Performance as an Enabler
Example Use of RNP Based Arrival and Departure
Paths for Dynamic WX Avoidance
ATM/CDM Adjusted WPs

• Goal
• ATM/CDM Integration ,Dynamic/Flexible Airspace,
  
• System Efficiencies e.g. Weather Avoidance

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Complex procedures that match aircraft
capabilities to the business case
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Capstone Phase II.

• Phase II
• Terrain (TAWS compliant)
• Traffic (CDTI using ADS-B)
• Weather (AWSS, AFSS, FIS)
• Flight Locating (J Hopkins U
• Skysource, Flt. Explorer, etc)
• Usable IFR Infrastructure
• Communications
• ATC and AFSS
• Navigation
• SFAR, AIM, Guidance material
• GPS/WAAS Avionics
• RNAV/GPS Route Structure
• Surveillance
• UAT (Mops compliant ADS-B)

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Navigation Phase II Avionics

• Equipment
• Multi-Function and Primary Flight Displays (MFD
  and PFD)
• Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)
• VFR IFR Services
• GPSFDE/WAAS(TSO-C145/6)
• Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS)
• Automatic Dependant Surveillance- Broadcast
  (ADS-B, CDTI)
• Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B)
• Traffic Information Service-Broadcast (TIS-B)

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Chelton Certification

• Chelton avionics certification before and
  after University of Alaska C-172 provisional
  STC installation
• http//www.nlavionics.com/capstone2

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TSO-145/146
WAAS
Primary WAAS Benefit (increased access) derived
from L-NAV Capability
Primary (sole) means, only radionavigation
equipment required on aircraft Class I all
airspace
FDE RAIM
Layered Failure Modes
Primary (sole) means Class II oceanic and remote
airspace
GPSRAIM
Supplemental
DR
TSO-129
VFR
Legacy VOR/NDB
TSO-145/146 Capstone
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CommunicationsATC Voice Coverage _at_ 2000ft
Comm Gaps - Coastal (Yakutat-Sitka) - Lynn
Canal/Icy Bay - Stephens Passage
Cape Spencer

• Proposed RCAG Comm sites
• Cape Spencer
• Mt Rbt. Barron
• Gunnuk
• Benefits
• Direct voice communication with ATC at new RNAV
  route altitudes

Mt Rbt Barron
Gunnuk
Current RCAG
Proposed RCAG
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Navigation RNAV Structure

• Approach/DepartureRNAV Procedures

• RNAV/GPS MEAs on Existing Routes

FAF
4000 ft
GUMLE
CIBIX
FAF
JIGMI
FAF
2500 ft
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Surveillance ADS-B ( FIS-B) Coverage

• Current Radar

• Initial 14 Ground Broadcast Transceiver (GBT)
  Sites

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Thoughts for Tomorrow

• RVSM
• Performance-Based Airspace System
• Database Integrity
• Electronic Flight Bag