INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS' - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS'

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Title: INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS'


1
INTERNATIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CLEAN
TECHNOLOGIES TRANSFER ACCESS AND LIMITATIONS.
  • THE CUBAN EXPERIENCE.

2
THE TRANSFER OF THE CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES PROBLEMS
ARE ANALIZED WHEN
  • The Northern and Southern countries discuss
    about the issues of sustainable development
  • The debate on trade and environment face up the
    TRIPs issues

3
This analysis is related to the flow of
financial resources
  • The flow of new and additional resources to our
    economies will determine the real possibilities
    to the access of clean technologies and is one
    of the requirements to reach sustainable
    development targets.

4
INITIAL ISSUES
  • Agenda 21 mandates on chapters 33 y 34.
  • The MEAs mandates about clean technology
    transfer.
  • The financial possibilities to reach a real TT

5
TARGETS
  • Hightlight methodologically and practically the
    relations between the financial mechanisms and
    TT.
  • From the scope of 21 Agenda
  • From the scope of MEAs

6
TARGETS
  • Assess the Cuban access and limitations to the
    TT.
  • Present the Cuban measures adopted to stimulate
    the introduction of clean technologies

7
In our research work we found two well defined
areas of influence
  • COLABORATION PROJECTS
  • INVESTMENT PROJECTS

8
Limitations of the present study
  • Lack of international statistic information about
    clean technologies transfer.
  • Lack of national information about
  • Foreign Investments
  • Clean Technologies

9
AGENDA 21Chapter 34 ABOUT THE TRANSFER OF
CLEAN TECNOLOGIES
  • Less polluting.
  • Sustainability and optimisation in the use of the
    resources
  • More reuse and recycling of waste and products.
  • More friendly and acceptable waste disposal
    technologies in comparison with the old ones.

10
CLEAN TECHNOLGIES ARE
  • Total Systems, that include technical knowledge,
    procedures, goods and services and equipment, as
    well as, organising and management systems.

11
AGENDA 21Chapter 33. Financial sources and
mechanisms
  • Hightlight the linkages between these mechanisms
    and the TT
  • Review different financial mechanism, including
    the voluntary ones.
  • Bring the possibility of the establishment of an
    special international fund.
  • Bring other innovative options

12
But the real situation is
  • The ODA decrease .
  • The main financial flows are directed to the
    countries of the North.
  • The 95 of the new technologies, generated in
    the North are shared internally between TNC and
    not through directed investments.
  • The gap between N-S continues increasing

13
What we know up to this moment?
  • ABOUT INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION PROJECTS
  • The analysis of a Data Base that contains 700
    collaboration projects shows these figures about
    multilateral and bilateral ones.

14
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15
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16
The figures show
  • In the period 95-99, from 700 analysed projects,
    327 are finished or in process.
  • From these only 59 projects are directed to
    environmental issues (33.of the total)

17
  • ABOUT THE NUMBER OF PROJECTS
  • Multilateral collaboration projects for the
    environment were only 53
  • ( 16.2 of the total).
  • Bilateral collaboration projects were 56 ( 17.2
    ).

18
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19
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20
  • ABOUT THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE PROJECTS
  • Multilateral collaboration represents 45,4 for
    the environment, reaching the amount of 12,7
    MMUSD
  • Bilateral collaboration represents only
  • 6,8 reaching the amount of 1,9 MMUSD

21
CLEAN TECHNOLGIES
  • PROJECTS Number
  • MULTILRERAL ----- 5 1,8
  • BILATERAL --------- 4 1,2
  • MUSD
  • MULTILATERAL ---2803,9 10,0
  • BILATERAL--------- 688,0 2,4

22
First conclusion
  • There is an insufficient number of collaboration
    projects directed to clean technologies , and a
    very small financial support for them.

23
ABOUT FINANCIAL MECHANISM TO PROVIDE TT.
  • AGENDA 21 CONTEXT.
  • OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES .
  • ACCES OPORTUNITIES FOR CUBA
  • LIMITATIONS

24
SOME OF THE MECHANISMES
  • GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FUND (GEF)
  • MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL
    IMPLEMENTATION

25
Agenda 21 Chapter 33 Means of implementation
  • Countrys own public and private sector.
  • For the developing countries the ODA.
  • New and additional funding for sustainable
    development.
  • Foreign Direct Investments and TT through the
    national implementation to stimulate the
    investments.
  • New innovative financial mechanisms to generate
    new public and private funding.

26
Agenda 21 considers that
  • The average annual cost (1993-2000) of
    implementig the Agenda in developing countries
    must be over 600 billions, including about
    125 billions on grants or concessional terms from
    the international community.

27
Funding sources and mechanisms
  • Multilateral banks and Funds
  • International Development Association (IDA),
  • Regional and sub regional development Banks
  • Specialised United Nations agencies
  • Multilateral Institutions for Capacity building
  • Bilateral Assistance Programs
  • Debt relief
  • Private funding

28
GEF is one of the funding institutions
  • Administered jointly by UNEP, UNDP and the
    World Bank
  • Provides Grants and Concessional Loans designed
    to face up the global environmental targets
  • Only for the coverage of the incremental costs of
    the projects

29
GEF FUNDING
  • National priorities projects, addressing climate
    change, biological diversity, international seas
    and depletion of the ozone layer.
  • Activities to combat soil degradation, specially
    desertification and deforestation, as far as
    these activities are related with the 4th firsts
    spheres.

30
FUND RESOURCES
  • PILOT PHASE (91-94) 860 MMUSD
  • 1st REPOSITION (95-98) 2OOO MMUSD
  • 2nd REPOSITION (99-02) 2750 MMUSD

31
Cuban access to GEF funding
  • PROJECTS
  • FINSHED 2.9 MMUSD
  • IN PROCESS 5.6
  • APROOVED 4.4
  • IN NEGOTIATION 14.5

32
MONTREAL PROTOCOL MULTILATERAL FUND
  • Designed to funding the Protocol Program, in
    order to support the activities related to the
    protection of the Ozone Layer

33
FUND RESOURCES
  • 1st Repositión (91-93) 240 MM
  • 2nd Repositión (94-96) 455 MM
  • 3rd Repositión (97-99) 466 MM
  • 4th Repositión (2000-02) 440 MM

34
Cuban access to the funding
  • PROJECTS
  • FINSHED 476 MUSD
  • IN PROCESS 1858
  • APROOVED 155
  • IN NEGOTIATION 2665

35
Other conclusion
36
CUBAN STEPS TO ATRACT AND PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL
SOUND TECHNOLOGIES
37
SOME REFLEXIONS
  • Clean Technologies are not only the most novel,
    sophisticated , remarkable new ones.
  • We may consider less pollutant, more efficient,
    and sound technologies in relationship with the
    precedent ones.

38
Strategy at the national level
  • Promote and use scientific research capacity of
    the country to solve the national technological
    problems.
  • Develop innovative technological systems and
    reengineering processes.

39
The development of national capacities is
complemented with.
  • The attraction of foreign clean technologies

40
Positive measures implemented
  • Reduction 50 border tariff for the import of
    technologies and equipment used on waste
    treatment and reduction of contaminants.
  • Accelerate depreciation on the investments
    directed to develop , import, or install
    environmentally sound technologies.

41
Positive measures implemented
  • National Economic Plan assigned 138,4 MMP, in
    year 2000, for the investments directed to solve
    environmental problems. It means around 7,9 of
    the national total investment amount..
  • Implementation of the National Environmental Fund
    as a new financial mechanism for the
    environment.

42
Command control implemented measures
  • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and
    environmental licensing are some of the keys
    control measures for the investors
  • These measures are mandatory and leaders in
    all investment processes of the country

43
Other implemented economic measures
  • Law No.73/1994. Taxation System, introduce
    the environmental tax over the use and
    exploitation of natural resources and to protect
    the environment

44
Other implemented economic measures
  • Law No.77 Foreign Investment Law recognise that
    the F I could be conduced on the basis of the
    protection of natural resources and the
    environment".
  • On Article 39 the Law establishes a charge over
    the income tax when the use of natural resources
    takes place.

45
PROPOSALS
  • At national level
  • 1- Establish a statistical and informative
    control system in order to quantify the behavior
    of the development of clean technologies in the
    national context as well as those that are
    introduced.

46
PROPOSALS
  • 2- Intensify the process of national capacity
    building in the process of elaboration of
    projects to be funded by international
    institutions.

47
PROPOSALS
  • Internationally
  • 1- Ask international institutions the
  • design of methodologies that
  • facilitate the country control of clean
  • technologies.

48
PROPOSALS
  • 2-Request the international institutions to
    consider the inclusion in the statistical basis
    of international trade of specific information
    that can help to know the tendencies of clean
    technology transfer.

49
PROPOSALS
  • 3- Request the international institutions to
    support the organization and development of
    assistance programs aimed to increase capacities
    in the elaboration of projects for these
    purposes.
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