Ancient Civilizations

1
Ancient Civilizations

• Running from
• 3500B.C.E. to C.E.500

2
(No Transcript)
3
MESOPOTAMIA

• Where was it located?
• What was it known for?
• What happened to it?

4
The Fertile Crescent

• A piece of land stretching from eastern
  Mediterranean sea to the Persian Gulf
• Located between Tigris Euphrates Rivers
• Its soil is rich, great for farming.
• This area is shaped like a crescent.
• Mesopotamia (Land between the rivers) lies to the
  east
• Mediterranean section les to the west

5
The Sumerians

• 4000 BC- 1st people in Fertile Crescent
• Settled in Lower Mesopotamia
• Built City-States
• 1st to use wheeled vehicles in trade, farming,
  warfare
• 1st to use the arch in buildings
• Invented first system of writing- Cuneiform-
  wedge-shaped writing
• Decoded by Sir Henry Rawlinson-1846

6

• Worshipped many gods
• Kings were treated as gods
• Gilgamesh and the great flood
• King Sargon
• Skilled Builders Artists
• Army was supplied with weapons
• Metals, stones, wood were obtained by trading
• Studied math science ( a year has 360 days)

7
Ziggurats
8
Babylonian Empire (2000 B.C.E.)

• First to build temples to honor their gods
• Hammurabis Code (law)

9

• Hammurabi Law Code shows
• 1. A stern sense of justice The code had the
  principle of "an eye for an eye" and demanding
  severe punishment for crimes - bribery, theft,
  dishonest weights and measures, and damage to
  another's property.
• 2. A sharp division of classes The code
  provided harsher punishment for an offense
  against a noble or priest than for the same
  offense against a common person - an artisan,
  merchant, farmer, or slave
• 3. A fair treatment of women - Permited them to
  own property and engage in business. However, the
  code strictly regulated the behavior of women. It
  expected a woman to remain in her husband's home
  and be dependent on him. A husband, however, had
  a legal duty to support his wife. The code also
  gave a father nearly unlimited authority over his
  children. The Babylonians believed that an
  orderly household headed by a strong father was
  necessary for a stable empire.
• 4. An advanced business society- established
  regulations for protecting property and business
  contracts, limiting interest on loans, and
  setting wages for workers.

10
Other Babylonian contributions

• Astronomy- lunar calendar, 12 month year, 7 day
  week, 24 hour day.
• Arithmetic- based on number 60
• 60 minute hour, 360 degree circle

11
Hittite Empire ( 1750 B.C.E.)

• Conquered from modern day Turkey
• Among the first to use iron for weapons tools
• Signed the first treaties with other groups like
  Egyptians
• System of law that required payments of fines for
  crimes or wrongdoings

12
Phoenicia Empire(Traders) ( 1200 B.C.E.)

• It became strong because Egyptian and Hittites
  were fighting each other
• Traded goods all over the Mediterranean,
  spreading their goods ideas and those of whom
  they trade with
• Carthage- greatest city
• Invented a 22 symbol alphabet that was around
  sounds
• -later used by Greeks and later became roots of
  what we use today
• Developed artistic skills ( carving ivory
  stained glass)

13
Hebrew (1200-600 B.C.)

• Never had a large empire
• Monotheism
• History written in Old Testament
• Exodus
• Ten commandments
• Recorded the Bible
• High moral behaviors, set new standards
• Prophets fought for justice of the weak poor
• Saul, David, Solomon- strong rulers
• Solomons temple at Jerusalem

14
Hebrews end

• Solomons death- kingdom splits
• Civil wars
• 63 BC becomes part of Roman Empire
• Jerusalem destroyed
• 1948 AD Israel re-born again

15
Assyrian Empire (1350 B.C.E.)

• 1100-650 BC
• Excellent soldiers
• Calvary, iron weapons
• Cruel leaders of those conquered
• Built first system of roads
• Began provincial governments
• Established first library
• Conquered by Chaldeans and Persians

16
The NEW BABYLONIAN EMPIRE

• Chaldeans of Babylonia come in
• Nebuchadnezzar II (mentioned in the Bible for the
  first time)- rebuilt city of Babylon
• He built Hanging Gardens one of the 7 wonders
  of the ancient world.
• Astrology, movement of planets stars effects
  human life, creation of the zodiac
• Astrology lead to the discovery of Astronomy
• 561 BC Nebuchadnezzar dies- empire declines,
• 539 BC Persian Empire comes in

17
Persia Empire ( 550 B.C.E.)

• Modern day Iran descendents
• Cyrus the Great
• Conquers Asia Minor Fertile Crescent
• Divided huge empire into provinces
• Satraps
• Built roads canals to improve trade
• Conquered by Alexander the Great (Greece)

18
Zoroasterism

• Zoroaster- started Zoroasterism
• -1 god Ahura Mazda in battle with evil forces
  of Ahriman
• -Humans make decisions on which side
• -One day Ahura Mazda will win and judge all
  humans
• -Good go to Heaven, evil go to Hell
• - Avesta ( a religious book based on the
  beliefs of prophet Zoroaster)

19
Review for early civilizations

• See Powerpoints
• See Mesopotamia packet
• See unit outline handout
• Know your vocabulary

20
Egypt (3000 B.C.E.)

• Only civilization to continue to today
• 2700-2100 Old KingdomGreat Pyramids Sphinx are
  built
• 2100-1800 Middle Kingdom Irrigation canals
  built conquered by invaders
• 1600-1100 New Kingdom conquered many lands,
  became a great empire, begins to decline

21
Egypt

• Made paper from papyrus
• Invented the calendar
• Built Great Pyramids
• Invented shaduf ( a crane-like device)
• Used a loom to weave cloth
• Invented hieroglyphics

22
Ancient Greece(500 B.C.E.)

• The Golden Age of Athens
• Or
• The Golden Age of Pericles

23
Contributions of Greece

• First democracy
• Scientific approach to medicine
• First dramas
• Rules of Geometry
• Philosophy
• Literature Poetry
• Written Histories

• City-States/voting
• Hippocrates
• Euripides Sophocles
• Euclid Elements
• Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• Homer Sappho

24
More Contributions of Greece

• Studied classified plants
• Created magnificent buildings sculpture
• Architecture uses columns (Doric, Corinthian, and
  Ionic)

25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
Democracy

• Democracy- a form of government in which the
  people rule
• Direct Democracy- citizens participate directly
• in passing the laws
• Representative
• Democracy-
• representatives
• are chosen to represent the people

29
Democracy

• Only males 18 or older can attend assembly vote
• No women
• No slaves
• No males from other countries

30
Peloponnesian War

• Between Sparta Athens
• Fought for control of Greece
• Lasted 27 years
• Sparta won!

31
Sparta v Athens

• Women equal to men
• Taught to be loyal to the state obey orders
• Mandatory military service for 60 years
• Loyalty over all else

• Subservient women
• Taught to question existence (philosophy)
• Choice of occupations
• Logic First foremost

32
King Philip II of Macedonia

• Defeated the Greek city-states after they were
  weakened by the Peloponnesian War.
• He united all the city-states under one rule,
  along with Macedonia.
• Philip II was murdered (awwwwww)

33
Alexander the Great

• Became king after his father
• was murdered
• Between age 20 22, he defeated King Darius and
  the Persian Empire
• Alexanders Empire was now largest in the world!
  ( It extended from Greece to India, including
  Alexandria in Egypt)
• He died at age 32.

34
(No Transcript)
35
http//kszczepaniak.myteacher.dvusd.com/stories/st
oryReader126 http//home.cfl.rr.com/crossland/An
cientCivilizations/Middle_East_Civilizations/Sumer
ians/sumerians.html