Semantically Enabled Collaboration via Annotation

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Semantically Enabled Collaboration via Annotation

• Ian Lumb
• http//ianlumb.wordpress.com/tag/annotation/
• CANHEIT 2007

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Outline

• Introduction
• Annozilla
• Examples
• Implementation
• Standards
• Semantic Web
• Discussion

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erin.el Emacs editing mode for TWiki
pages http//www.neilvandyke.org/erin-twiki-emacs/
http//dafizilla.sourceforge.net/viewsourcewith/
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Annotating with Annozilla

• Contextually rich and expressive editorial
  metadata
• Non-invasive
• Pre-categorized
• Of flexible usage
• Empowering but not distracting or overwhelming
• Encourages sequential processing
• Best suited to static Web pages
• Effort required to ensure relevance in wikis
• Stored locally or remotely

Annotation goes mainstream!
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http//www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/
http//annozilla.mozdev.org/
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Annotation Servers

• Local Server
• Remote Servers
• W3C
• DIY
• Linux
• Perllib
• MySQL
• RDF datastore
• Apache
• Annotations script
• Access control
• Access script
• Algae script

http//www.w3.org/1999/02/26-modules/User/Annotati
ons-HOWTO.html
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Annotations with Google Earth
J. Freemantle, OARS Presentation, December 2006
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Definitions

• Annotation is the linking of a new commentary
  node to someone else's existing node. It is the
  essence of a collaborative hypertext.
• TBL, W3 Archive, c. 1990
• "... the addition of information to existing
  documents without changing the originals.
• Passin, Explorers Guide to the Semantic Web, 2004

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Definitions

• Annotations are comments, notes, explanations,
  or other types of external remarks that can be
  attached to a Web document or a selected part of
  the document. As they are external, it is
  possible to annotate any Web document
  independently, without needing to edit that
  document. From the technical point of view,
  annotations are usually seen as editorial
  metadata, as they give additional information
  about an existing piece of data.
• Amaya 9.52, W3C

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http//protege.stanford.edu/
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External
Location
Internal
Modified Document
Original Document Annotation
Outcome
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Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt ltRDFRDF xmlnsNS4"http//p
url.org/dc/elements/1.0/"
xmlnsNS3"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/annotation-ns
" xmlnsNS2"http//www.w3.org/2000/10/a
nnotationType" xmlnsNS1"http//cnx.ric
e.edu/annotations/localServer"
xmlnsNC"http//home.netscape.com/NC-rdf"
xmlnsRDF"http//www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syn
tax-ns"gt
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RDF - Resource Description Framework

• A framework for describing resources on the web
• Makes relationships explicit
• Provides a model for data, and a syntax so that
  independent parties can exchange and use it
• Designed to be read and understood by computers
• Not designed for being displayed to people
• Written in XML
• Part of the W3C's Semantic Web Activity
• A W3C Recommendation
• http//www.w3.org/RDF/

After http//www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_intro.asp
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Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation (2)
ltNS2Question RDFabout"urnannot1541202659"
NS4creator"Ian Lumb"
NS3created"2007-05-26T093250-0400"
NS4date"2007-05-26T093250-040
0" NS3context "https//twiki.
cns.yorku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/Troubleshooting
Abstractxpointer(string-range(/html1/body1/di
v1/div1/div1/div1/div1/div1/div1/div
2/div4/div1/p1, quotquot, 337,
139))" NS4language"en"gt
ltNS3annotates RDFresource"https//twiki.cns.yor
ku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/TroubleshootingAbstrac
t"/gt ltNS3body RDFresource"urnbody154120265
9"/gt lt/NS2Questiongt
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Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation (2a)
urnannot1541202659
subject
NS4creator
NS3context
predicate
object
Ian Lumb
predicate
https//twiki.cns.yorku.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/T
roubleshootingAbstract xpointer(string-range (/ht
ml1/body1/div1/div1/div1/div1/div1/d
iv1/div1/div2/div4/div1/p1,
quotquot, 337, 139))
object
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XPointer - XML Pointer Language

• An extension of XPath
• XPath is used by XLink to locate remote link
  resources
• Relative addressing
• Allows links to places with no anchors
• Flexible and robust
• XPointer/XPath expressions often survive changes
  in the target document
• Can point to substrings in character data and to
  whole tree fragments
• Status
• The key specification is a Working Draft in the
  W3Cs Recommendation Track

http//www.w3.org/TR/xptr-xpointer/
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Dissecting an Annozilla Annotation (3)
ltRDFDescription RDFabout"https//twiki.cns.york
u.ca/twiki/bin/view/Netops/TroubleshootingAbstract
"gt ltNS1annotatedBy RDFresource"urnannot154
1202659"/gt lt/RDFDescriptiongt ltRDFDescription
RDFabout"urnbody1541202659"
NS1bodyText"lthtml xmlnsquothttp//www.w3.o
rg/1999/xhtmlquotgtltheadgtlttitlegtl
t/titlegtlt/headgtltbodygt This is a
good start. Can you do a little more on the
incorporation side? ltbr/gtlt/bodygtlt/h
tmlgt" /gt
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The stack of expressive power
After http//www.w3.org/2005/Talks/0517-boit-tbl/
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Summary

• Annotation use cases
• University IT teams static and wiki Web
• Annotations via Annozilla
• Accessible client/server, standards-based
  implementation
• Annotations as external editorial metadata
• Consistent with Web 2.0 social bookmarking plus
  some Google technologies
• Inconsistent with office suites, wikis, formal
  ontologies
• Transform data into information into knowledge
• Realizing the vision of a Semantic Web
• Web 3.0?

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Future Work

• Support ongoing development of Annozilla
• Go forth and annotate!
• Refactor definition of annotation
• Develop single schema for annotation
  types/properties
• XPointer and OWL each have their own
• Semantically base annotations
• Automate annotation ???
• Consider XPointer-based annotations as an option
• Emerging common XML-based schema for Word
  processing software
• Google Notebook
• Applications in other areas
• Teaching and learning

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Collaborators

• Keith Aldridge
• Professor, York University
• Jim Freemantle
• Independent Consultant
• Jerusha Lederman
• Ph.D. Candidate, York University

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Questions?
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Additional Slides
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Numbering of Nodes and Points
http//www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-xptr-xpointer-2002121
9/
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Representing GGP Data via ESML and RDF
Lumb Aldridge (2005, 2006)
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Representing GGP Data via ESML and RDF with
Annotation
Lumb et al. (2007)
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