Dr. Turgut Tumer Professor, Middle East Technical University, Turkey

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Dr. Turgut TumerProfessor,Middle East
Technical University,Turkey
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• Former Associate Vice President, TUBITAK
• Turkey Vision 2023
• Several Research Industrial Projects
• MSc and PhD, UK

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY OF TURKEYpast,
present and the future
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

• Turgut Tümer
• METU, Dept. of Mech. Eng.
• tumer_at_metu.edu.tr

Innovation and Competitiveness Practitioners
Workshop 19 April 2004 Istanbul
The World Bank
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Presentation Plan

• Milestones of the Turkish ST policy
• Present ST system of Turkey and indicators
• Where is Turkey now?
• What is missing?
• Planning for the future Vision 2023 Project

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Milestones in ST Policy of Turkey

• 1963 Basic research Establishment of TÜBITAK
• 1972 Strategic research Marmara Research
  Center (TÜBITAK-MAM)
• 1973 Technology development in five-year plan
• 1983 Comprehensive ST policies 1983-2003
  Establishment of Supreme Council for ST (SCST)
  
  
• 1993 Revised ST Policies1993-2003 Priority
  areas, National Innovation System
• 1995 Industrial ST support programme

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ST System of Turkey (1/8)

• Institutional framework
• SCST / TÜBITAK (main actor)
• Universities / Public Research Institutes /
  Firms
• State Planning Organisation
• KOSGEB (SME Org.)
• TTGV (Tech. Dev. Found.)
• Turkish Patent Institute (TRIPS)
• National Metrology Institute (TÜBITAK)
• Accreditation Board
• Technology Development Regions Technoparks

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ST System of Turkey (2/8)

• SCST in 1989-2003
• 1989
• Inaugural meeting
• 1993
• Priority Areas of ST / Industrial RD Support
  Program
• 1997-2003
• Significant developments / action plans /
  implementations

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ST System of Turkey (3/8)

• SCST 1993 Policy Approach
• Strategic choice to acquire capabilities in
  science and technology,
• not only to achieve excellence in scientific
  and technological research,
• but also to turn scientific and technological
  findings into economical and/or social
  benefits.
• Hence, the present ST Policy of Turkey is based
  on the establishment of a
• National Innovation System

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ST System of Turkey (4/8)

• Current Priority Areas of ST
• Information and communication
• Flexible manufacturing and automation
• Transportation (with particular interest in rail
  transport)
• Aeronautics, space and defence
• Genetic engineering and biotechnology (with
  particular emphasis on agricultural applications
  in relation with the South-Western Anatolian
  Project-GAP)
• Environment friendly technologies and renewable
  energy systems
• Eartquake related problems and disaster management

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ST System of Turkey (5/8)

• TÜBITAK
• ST policy formulation (Secretariat of SCST)
• Academic RD support (8 Grant Committees)
• Industrial RD support (TIDEB)
• RD manpower development
• Popularisation of science (Books, magazines,
  journals)
• International relations
• In-house research (11 research institutes)
• RD support services (ULAKBIM, UME, labs.)

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ST System of Turkey (6/8)

• 71 Universities
• 1.900.00 students
• 1.100.000 undergraduates
• 110.000 graduates (of which 25.000 Ph.D)
• 240.000 open university
• 400.000 vocational training
• 76.000 academic staff
• 10.000 Professors
• 5.500 Associate Professors
• 12.500 Assistant Professors
• 150 public RD institutions
• mostly agriculture, forestry, veterinary
• 11 research institutes of TUBITAK
• 1000 firms involved in RD activities (75 SMEs)

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ST System of Turkey (7/8)
Public Funds for Academic Research

• 100 M USD/year (excluding personnel)
• SPO 40 (Adv.Res.Proj.)
• Ministry of Finance 40 (Sci. Res. Proj.)
• TÜBITAK 6 (8 Grant Comm.)
• Other (KOSGEB, ...) 14

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ST System of Turkey (8/8)
Industrial RD Support

• TÜBITAK (Grant to the budget)
• 157 million has been granted since 1995 for 959
  projects
• TTGV (Soft loan)
• 130 million has been loaned since 1991 to 351
  projects
• KOSGEB (various)

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ST Indicators

• Outcome in ten years
• Scientific publications
• 41(90)1177 ? 25(00)6074 ? 22(02)9303
• GERD in of GDP
• 0.32(90) ? 0.64(00)
• RD realised by business enterprise
• 20.4(90) ? 33.4(00)
• RD financed by business enterprise
• 27.5(90) ? 42.9(00)
• RD personnel intensity per 10,000 labour force
• 7.5(90) ? 13.1(00)

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Where are we now?

• Turkey on the Globe
• Demography 1.1
• GDP (Wealth) 0.6
• ST (Knowledge) 0.9
• Turkey in the EU-13 Candidates
• Demography 37
• GDP (Wealth) 21
• ST (Knowledge) 23

One of the opportunities for Turkey is to create
economic and social value added by utilizing
knowledge through technology development...
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What is missing?

• Long term, strategic perspective
• Public awareness / Community support
• Committment of the Governments
• Drive for innovation in industry
• An integrated, well structured Turkish Research
  Area
• Missing elements and harmonious operation of the
  National Innovation System

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Missing elements of the NIS
Arikan, Akyos, Durgut, Göker, NIS, TÜSIAD Pub.,
2003

• Independent assessment institutions
• National RD programmes in specific areas
• Diversified RD support instruments
• Innovation Relay Centres
• Regional innovation systems
• National information infrastructure
• Mobility of researchers
• Speciliased technology service providers
• Seed capital, start-up support
• Venture Capital (investment, management)
• Public procrument, Off-sets

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Planning for the future
Two major steps in 2002towards planning for the
future
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Vision 2023 Project

• Decision of the
• Supreme Council of
• Science and Technology (SCST)
• A new national ST policy document for the period
  2003-2023 is to be prepared to build a welfare
  society
• in 2023 100th Anniversary of the Foundation of
  the
• Turkish Republic

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Vision 2023 Project

• Period Jan. 2002 - 2004

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Turkish Technology Foresight Project -
Organisation

• Steering Committee
• 27 Public (Co-ordination TUBITAK)
• 29 NGOs and Chambers
• 9 Universities
• Total of 65 bodies represented by high ranking
  officials and managers

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Turkish Technology Foresight Project - Methodology

• Panels
• 10 sectoral, 2 thematic panels
• Over 200 meetings in one year
• Delphi Survey
• 413 statements and 20 questions in 11 areas
• Reached 7000 experts / general anouncements
• Return rate (first round) 34
• 44.000 statements 105 response/statement

(Technology Demand)
(Technology Supply)
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Current state of the project

• 11 Panels have come up with 95 "Technological
  Activity Area - TAA" , by utilising the results
  of the Delphi survey.
• A road map was prepared for each TAA, which
  includes the list of "Technology Fields - TF"
  needed.
• Prioritisation of the technology fields in
  progress.
• Synthesis reports (4 volumes) to appear soon.
• Strategy Document to be submitted to SCST in
  autumn 2004.

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MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

• Thank you
• for your attention