Fossil Fuels Petroleum Unit Integrated Science II

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Fossil FuelsPetroleum Unit Integrated Science
II
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Types of Fossil Fuels

• Crude Oil
• Natural Gas
• Coal

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Fossil Fuels

• Product of decay of organic (carbon-containing)
  matter
• Petroleum comes from prehistoric plants and
  animals pumped
• from underground

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Fossil Fuels

• Refined Petroleum (black gold) is a mixture of
  hydrocarbons (compounds containing hydrogen and
  carbon).

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Petroleum

• Leading U.S. energy source
• Is used to build or burn
• What percentage is used
• for building and burning?
• Burning 84
• Building 7
• Lubricants/road paving 9

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Burning Oil for Energy
Chemical Reaction Oil O2 ? CO2 H2O
heat energy wastes (CO, sulfur gases,
NO) Nonrenewable resource!
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Crude Oil

• Products from Crude Oil
• -Gasoline -Kerosene
• -Wax -Plastic
• -Nylon -Medication
• -Diesel fuel -Propane

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Five search techniques used to find petroleum
(Click on picture for more info)

 
1. Maps and Imaging
2. Magnetics
3. Seismology

4. Paleontology
5. Coring
Think The Beverly Hillbillies


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Petroleum

• Chemical of choice because of its easy to
  transport, store, and use because of its
  properties.
• Physical properties
• Chemical properties

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Physical properties

• number of carbons
• Boiling point
• Mass
• Intermolecular forces
• viscosity

L H L H L
H L H L
H
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Chemical properties

• Ability to form chains
• Ability to rearrange these chains in a chemical
  reaction.
• Ability to build or burn with these rearranged
  molecules.

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Crude Oil

• Liquid form of petroleum
• Leading US energy source
• Refined through fractional distillation to make
  useful products

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Refining Petroleum

• Separated into simpler mixtures in order to be
  useful
• Done by distillation

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Distillation

• As mixture is heated, substance with the lowest
  b.p. will vaporize first and leave flask
• As temp. rises, component with next lowest b.p.
  will boil and distill

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Fractional Distillation

• Separation of substances according to boiling
  point
• As temperature increases, fractions begin to boil
  and are collected from the distillation column

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Click on picture For more info and graphic
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Large-scale Refining(Fractional Distillation)

• Each temperature releases a mixture of compounds
  containing mixtures with similar boiling points
• Mixture is called a Fraction

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Distillation Tower (column)

• Temp. is highest at the bottom and decreases
  toward the top
• Vaporized molecules move upward in column
• Bottom substances never vaporize drain from base

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