Earth Science Review

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Earth Science Review

• By
• Mrs. Obine

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Plate tectonics
Earthquakes volcanoes
Parts of the Earth
Potpourri
Rocks Minerals
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• What is Pangaea?
• The supercontinent made up of all of the
  continents the pieces of continents seemed to
  fit together at one time.

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• What was Alfred Wegeners landform evidence for
  Plate Tectonics?
• He noticed that some mountain ranges, coal
  fields, and ROCK LAYERS seemed to stretch
  between two continents that were once connected.

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• What force makes continental drift happen?
• Answer- Convection currents in the mantle
• cause the plates to move on top of the
  lithosphere

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• What is Alfred Wegeners climate evidence for
  Continental Drift?
• He found evidence of past glaciers in tropical
  places.
• He also found evidence of tropical climates in
  polar locations.
• This means that these continents had moved.

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What is a fault?

• A fault is a crack in the Earths crust where
  slabs of rock slip past one another.

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Why do earthquakes form at the San Andreas Fault
in California?

• The Pacific Plate and North American Plate meet
  at a transform boundary.
• This causes faults (breaks in the crust).
• This creates earthquakes.

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What is a volcano?

• A weak spot in the crust where magma can burn
  through and reach the surface.

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E and V

• What is the Ring of Fire?
• A chain of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean.

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• What are the four layers of the Earth called?
• Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

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• What is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
• Answer Crust

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• What is the thickest layer of the Earth?
• The Mantle

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• What is an igneous rock?
• Answer A rock formed by lava or magma.

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What is a metamorphic rock?

• Answer Metamorphic rocks are created when a rock
  turns into another type of rock through heat
  and pressure.

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• Describe these tests that we can do on rocks
  minerals.
• Streak
• Hardness
• Color
• Luster
• Magnet and Electrical

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• What is a sedimentary rock?
• A rock that forms from sediments that get
  deposited and pressed into layers.

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• Describe cleavage in rocks and minerals.
• Answer
• Cleavage is when rocks and minerals break
  cleanly and evenly along some surfaces.

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• Describe how a metamorphic rock can turn into
  each of the three types of rock in the rock
  cycle.
• Igneous rock through volcanic activity
• Sedimentary rock- through erosion
• Metamorphic rock- through heat and pressure

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• Name the five characteristics of a mineral.
• Naturally-occuring
• Inorganic
• Crystal structure
• Solid
• Definite chemical composition

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• What is the difference between magma and lava?
• Magma is within the crust. Lava is on the surface.

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What is the water layer of Earth called?

• The hydrosphere

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What is erosion?

• The carrying away of rock sediment to a new
  location.
• This is one stage in the development of a
  sedimentary rock.

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What is weathering?

• The breaking down of rock into sediment.
• This is one stage in the development of a
  sedimentary rock.

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Give three examples of weathering.

• Ice
• Wind
• Water (waves, rivers)
• Rain
• Plants
• Animals

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Give three examples of erosion.

• Ice (glaciers)
• Wind
• Water (waves, rivers)
• Gravity