Boiler

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Boiler- WH labelling and European directive EuP
Ecodesign of EuP
Lot 2 Dedicated Water Heaters
WD Annex IV

• EUROPEAN COMMISSION
• Directorate-general for Energy and Transport
• Unit D3, Energy Efficiency

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Annex IV

• Definitions
• Data Report
• Reference Conditions
• Shared Parameters
• Water Heating Model
• Direct Testing Methods
• Examples Direct Test Methods
• Definition Smart Control
• General Direct Method (void)
• Items not covered
• List of parameters
• References

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Annex B Data Report
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Test Methods WH 1

• Waterload (param. 11. self-declaration within
  limits Annex I WD) defines appropriate test
  tapping cycle Table C4.
• Direct Method measures energy consumption during
  an appropriate 24h test tapping cycle. Qfuel
  and/or Qelec are a direct outcome. To be used for
  all conventional WH, optional for most WH with
  renewables, except with CO2 heat pump, where it
  is the only alternative. (based on EN 13203-2,
  prEN 50440, EN 255-3, prEN 13203-3, EN 12975-2
  industry proposals )
• Indirect Method Optional for WH with renewables.
  Measures relevant parameters of components
  --collector, tank, HP, back up heater-- and then
  derives the energy consumption with the chosen
  tapping cycle through calculation (monthly
  calculation as EN 15316-4-2, EN 15316-4-3).

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Test Methods WH 2

• Why Indirect Method still needed?
• For solar or HP assisted combi the only
  alternative ? level playing field.
• For some configurations no direct method (yet)
  defined.
• Smart control (13.1) 10 bonus if WH complies
  with conditions in Annex H
• Waste Heat Recovery determined by noisew
  13.2, airintake 7.1, boilpos7.2,
  volumeb7.3. Lookup in Annex D. Absolute value
  of envelope losses fossil-fuel WH determined by
  subtracting flue gas losses from total. Flue gas
  losses from ?comb 14.1, Tflue 14.2 and dpt
  6.2.
• Distribution Losses kWh/a determined by
  airintake 7.1 and volumeb7.3. Look up table
  in Annex E.

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Test Methods WH 3

• Why Distribution losses and WHR in EuP?
• Avoids having to deal with it in EPB and/or
  specific legislation (DG ENV).
• Validates and quantifies for designers directly
  and clearly the advantage of certain design
  features like compactness, low noise, room
  sealed, placement in/outdoors.
• Exception Centralized WH systems See Annex III
  of WD. EuP just takes into account distribution
  losses and WHR at the level of individual
  dwellings. Extra losses for centralized systems
  have to be taken into account in EPB. Methodology
  e.g. as indicated by ItG.

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Load profiles water heating
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Test Procedure Direct Method (except EIWH)

• Define energy input(s)
• Define general test conditions
• Solar only (optional) Perform collector tests?
  inputs solar collector simulator
• Define zero load stable condition of WH (check
  with test)
• Perform tapping cycle
• Bring WH in stable zero load condition (check!)
  Or measure zero load WH energy content (large
  draw-off TDHW Tcold 1)
• Perform 24h tapping cycle, measure energy (elec
  and/or fossil), TDHW, Flowrate, Tcold, time.
  Assess appropriate useful kWh per draw-off (2)
  by repetitive tests and/or predict on-the-fly
  from preceding T-curve.
• Return WH to stable zero load condition (check!)
  OR measure remaining energy content (large
  draw-off)
• Report energy use tapping cycle, corrected for
  possible deviations in
• Energy input test conditions
• WH energy content before/after
• Useful energy output (actual vs. required
  according to Table C4)

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Test Procedure Direct Method EIWH

• EIWH (Electric Instantaneous Water Heater)
• Energy input(s) and general test conditions as
  before
• Derive tapping cycle energy use from measuring
• Static loss Ploss_max at steady-state max. load
  Pstatic_max. (electricity in, electric power over
  heating element out) after 30 min. Of operation.
• For part load determine static power Pstatic for
  each type of tapping
• Start-up time tstart to reach useful water
  temperature for each tapping (mean of at least 3
  tests per tapping) at prescribed flow rate
• Report energy use tapping cycle, assuming that
• Ploss is linearly proportional to Pstatic and
• Power consumption during tstart is equal to
  Pstatic for that specific draw-off
• Note 1 Does not apply to electric showers
• Note 2 If EIWH has energy consumption in between
  tappings (standby energy) gt1 of 24h total, then
  this has to be added to fulfill the essential
  requirements

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Example M tapping profile (Qref 5,845 kWh/d)
Tm40C 6 l/min
Tm40C 6 l/min
3,6 l/min Tm10 C
3,6 l/min Tm10 C
Unless indicated otherwise Tm25 C Flow 3 l./min
Tm10 C
peak T 55 oC
Tm minimum T before useful
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Definition Energy Input Conventional
Definition test gases in Gas Appliances
Directive (GAD) 90/396/EEC 1st family
G110-G150 2nd family G20 G 25 (15 C,
1013,25 mbar) 3rd family G30-G35
gas
Heating gas oil 0,86 C, 0,136 H, 0,002 S in
kg/kg Volumetric mass ?15 at 15 C 0,85
kg/dm³ Net calorific value (NCV) Hi 42,689
MJ/kg Kerosene 0,85 C, 0,141 H, 0,004 S in
kg/kg Density ?15 at 15 C 0,79 kg/dm³ Net
calorific value (NCV) Hi 43,300
MJ/kg N-fraction between 70-200 mg/kg (for Nox
correct to 140 mg/kg)
oil
electric
Voltage 230 V 1 (0,2 during 1 test), 50 Hz
1, power 0,5, elapsed time 0,1 s
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Definition Energy Input Solar (Direct Method)
solar
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Definition Energy Input Heat Pump (Direct Method)
ambient
Outside air 10,5 C 1K/ 0,3K/ 0,2K Exhaust
air 20 C (with cap)
Brine 2,5 C 0,5K/ 0,2K/ 0,1K
Water 11,5 C 0,5K/ 0,2K/ 0,1K
NOTE first value is permissible deviation of
individual test values from set values. Second
value is permissible deviation of arithmic mean
of test values from set values Third value is
accuracy of measurement.
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Definition test conditions

• Tambient 20 C 2K
• Tcold water 10 C 2K
• Flow rate 1 (max deviation from Table C4
  values)
• pressure cold water 2-3 bar
• Draft free (air speed lt0,5 1,5 m/s)
• WH shielded from direct solar radiation
• Test room with minimum distances WH to wall and
  floor
• Rapid response thermometer Thot_water output
• Flow meter accuracy 0,1 l/min
• Elapsed time 0,1 s

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Example Definition zero load condition storage
WH
X
Tstore
Stable Zero Load (gt12h)
Stable Zero Load
20
24h tapping cycle
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Indirect method Solar
G gt700W/m²
tank
ia
Lat or 45
Heat loss UA Volume Vsol Heat exch.
Uasol position solpos
4 (x4) Tsysreturn test points Curve fit (least
square) ??0 , a1, a2 Extra test at incidence
angle ia50 ? IAM Measurement aperture Asol
Length Lpipesol Loss Upipesol_m PumpCPU,
etc. solaux
General Method EN 15316-4-3 Component tests EN
12975-2, EN 12977
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Indirect method Heat Pump
Tsnk
tank
HP
Tsrc
Ventmix?
Heat loss Pstbyhp Capacity V40hp Volume Vhp
Pump(s)/fan, CPU, etc. hpaux

• 4 test points, at least
• 2 Tsrc and 2 Tsnk
• ? Phpnom, COPnom
• matrix corr. factors
• Extrapolation Tsnkmax
• COP Tsrc, Tsnk
• Php Tsrc, Tsnk
• Extra test 50 part load
• ? COP50

General Method EN 15316-4-2 Component tests EN
255-3, EN 14511 Note that turndownhp plays no
role for WH
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Indirect method Back-up heater
Direct Method test At Waterloadmax Result
Qfuelmax Qelecmax
Back-up WH
Direct Method test At Waterloadmin Result
Qfuelmin Qelecmin
Method as direct test methods Linear interpolation
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Indirect method Calculation
Tsnk
HP
Back-up WH
Tsrc
Calculation Method Annex IV
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Smart Control Test

• 1 learning week with smart control disactivated
• 1 smart week with smart control activated
• Tapping pattern both weeks as in table WHL is
  selected tapping pattern, WHL-1 is tapping
  pattern 1 smaller (e.g. If WHLM then WHL-1
  S)
• Difference in energy consumption between 2 weeks
  must be gt10

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For opinion/ discussion

• Annex IV could be considerably shorter and the
  small inconsistencies between the methods could
  be removed (e.g. on tolerances) if all direct
  methods in Annex F and G could be harmonised into
  a universal method, possibly with sub-variants...