towards the trans-GZK area

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Towards the trans-GZK area ray (from AGASA,
AUGER, HIRES TO JEM -EUSO)
J. N. Capdevielle, APC, University Paris
Diderot capdev_at_apc.univ-paris7.fr
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Outline

• Towards Gamma ray Astronomy at UHE from the sky
• Energy overestimation in AGASA (treatment of
  inclined showers)
• Difficulties in AUGER for Tmax and attenuation
  length measurements
• convergence to GZK and unified tendancy
• The JEM-EUSO experiment

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Xmax (g/cm2) and Nmax for p, Fe initiated showers
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Geminated Cascades

• From a Centaurus (4 l.y.)
• pair of g s (1019 eV) separated by D 700 km
• time delay t for a pair p-g (t as 1/ gL2 , gL
  lorentz factor)
• a proton (or n) of 1020 eV is delayed by 0.6µs

• From spiral arms(6000 l.y)
• pair of g s lost !
• Time delay t for a pair p(or n)-g 1ms
• t still interesting in the case of sources
• D, t analysis possible in JEM-EUSO up to 100 l.y.

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Extrapolation des modèles dinteractions
hadroniques
Distribution de pseudo-rapidité
Première interaction importante ? donne les
caractéristiques générales de la gerbe (Nmax,
Xmax et profil latéral)

• Modèles théoriques sont ajustés
• sur les données expérimentales
• Or pas de données
• au-delà de 1,8 TeV
• dans le centre de masse (collisions pp)
• ? extrapolation

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Incertitudes
Prédictions pour le LHC à 14 TeV dans le centre
de masse
Multiplicité entre 70 (Isajet ) et 125 (Pythia
6.122A)

• Combien de particules ?
• Quelle énergie emportée par
• la particule leader

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Violation du scaling de KNO (1000 collisions)
1020 eV
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Very large tension for the diquark partners ?
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Treatment of inclined EAS data from surface
arrays and GZK prediction
Jean Noël CAPDEVIELLE, F.COHEN, B.SZABELSKA,
J.SZABELSKI
Measured lateral distribution direction (?, f)
Density (600m, ?) ? Density(600m, 0) ? Energy
AGASA conversion ?600 ?????????600????
?1 500 g/cm2 ?2 594 g/cm2
That conversion is energy/size independent
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Treatment of inclined EAS data from surface
arrays and GZK prediction
Jean Noël CAPDEVIELLE, F.COHEN, B.SZABELSKA,
J.SZABELSKI
Conversion to ''vertical density''
example
Results of CORSIKA simulations show complicated an
d energy dependent form
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Treatment of inclined EAS data from surface
arrays and GZK prediction
Jean Noël CAPDEVIELLE, F.COHEN, B.SZABELSKA,
J.SZABELSKI
How does the conversion to ''vertical density''
work ?
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Treatment of inclined EAS data from surface
arrays and GZK prediction
Jean Noël CAPDEVIELLE, F.COHEN, B.SZABELSKA,
J.SZABELSKI
Cascade theory and CORSIKA simulations
results for the highest energies depend on
interaction model, but suggest overestimation of
energy at AGASA
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Treatment of inclined EAS data from surface
arrays and GZK prediction
Jean Noël CAPDEVIELLE, F.COHEN, B.SZABELSKA,
J.SZABELSKI
From Bergman spectrum to AGASA spectrum using
AGASA conversion
Red points AGASA energy spectrum
Grey area D.R.Bergman et al. (HiRes
Collaboration) 29th ICRC, Pune, India, 2005

• histograms
• MC generated spectrum following Bergman
• approximately recalculated spectrum using AGASA
  conversion

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Treatment of inclined EAS data from surface
arrays and GZK prediction

• The spectrum from surface array has to be
  corrected from the overestimation of the primary
  energy between 10-35 in the last decade
• the amended spectrum of AGASA (ISVHECRI aug. 06)
  is progressing in this direction
• GZK after 4 decades is going to be confirmed by
  HIRES, AUGER, AGASA
• The overestimation in AGASA data is mainly coming
  of the special properties of 3D Electromagnetic
  cascade near maximum, however this correction is
  small if the distance between maximum and AGASA
  level is more than 3 c.u. or for heavy composition

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Signal dans Auger
Simulation ? densité de particules Détecteurs
Auger ? signal en Vertical Equivalent Muons (VEM)
?Signal (r) C1 ?ee- (r) C2 ??(r)
VEM
Des simulations avec géant4 de la cuve dAuger
C1 0,47 C2 0,9 1
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Trans GZK AREA

• New scales
• Adequate Advanced Technologies
• Milesbornes to Quantum Gravity
• earliest approaches, EUSO and JEM-EUSO

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JEM-EUSO FoV
EUSO 1000 x AGASA 30 x Auger EUSO
(Instantaneous) 5000 x AGASA
150 x Auger
AGASA
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Progress of the study of EECR expected in the
near future
JEM-EUSO (tilt)
JEM-EUSO(nadir)
4105
by Boris Khrenov 2006
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Conclusions
New chances for Gamma ray Astronomy at UHE from
ISS with JEM-EUSO New results of LHC updating
the simulation GZK behaviour confirmed but some
ambiguities on composition remain Xmax different
from Xmax via fluorescence ? Change in p-Air
interaction above 3 EeV? New Astrophysics with
heavy component at UHE? Crucial period for
JEM-EUSO entering in the trans GZK area