Phrases

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Phrases

• Another lovingly created grammar power point for
  my favorite sophomores.

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Phrase (Definition)

• A phrase is a group of related words that is used
  as a single part of speech and does not contain a
  verb and its subject.

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There are many types of Phrases

• Preposition
• gerund
• infinitive
• participle
• appositive

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Prepositional Phrases

• Definition A prepositional phrase is a group of
  words beginning with a preposition and usually
  ending with a noun or pronoun.
• Ex Jane and Elizabeth were standing near the
  door.
• The teacher gave the grade to Calvin.
• Even though Katie was late when she came to
  class, the teacher still adored her.

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Fun FactPrepositional phrase (the object)

• The noun or pronoun that ends the prepositional
  phrase is the object of the preposition.
• Phrase Beyond the hill
• Through the science building.
• At Pinkberry

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Two Types of Prepositional Phrases

• Adjective phrase
• Adverb Phrase

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Adjectival Prepositional Phrases

• Phrases that modify nouns or pronouns in the same
  way as single word adjectives.
• Ex.
• A hopeful sign --------------- a sign of
  hope
• Sprinkles cupcake-----------
• a cupcake from Sprinkles

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Adverb phrases

• A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an
  adjective, or another adverb is an adverb
  modifier.
• Ex. The Beverly freshman hid behind her books.
• At lunch, Guiliana sat by the tree.

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2 Fun Facts aboutAdverbial Phrases

• Adverb phrases tell when, where, why, how and to
  what extent.
• Unlike adjective phrases, which always follow the
  words they modify, adverb phrases can appear at
  different places in the sentence. More than one
  adverb can modify the same word.

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Examples of the Adverbial Phrase

• The class grew quiet when the teacher was angry.
• They peered down Heath Avenue
• This summer were going by car.
• Again Adverb phrases say when, where, why, how
  and to what extent.

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Verbal Phrases

• Verbals are forms of a verb that are not used as
  verbs but as other parts of speech.
• There are three kinds of verbals
• Participle
• Gerund
• Infinitives

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Participle phrases

• Verb form used as an adjective. Since the
  participle is part verb and part adjective, it
  might be called a verbal adjective.
• The simmering pot of gumbo smelled yummy.
• A blistered heel can be irritating.

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Present participles

• Consist of the plain form of the verb plus ing.
• Ex.
• The smiling yoga teacher did a handstand against
  the wall.
• Plotting to make grammar fun, the English teacher
  finally changed her approach.

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Past participles

• Consist of the plain form plus ed.
• Ex
• Discovered by the principal, the startled
  sophomore was led away from the student store.
• Pleased to have arrived to class on time, Tatiana
  smiled demurely.

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The Participial Phrase

• A participial phrase consists of a participle and
  its related words, such as modifiers which act
  together as an adjective.
• Ex
• Sliding into class late, I felt embarrassed as I
  put down my mat. (sliding into class modifies I)
• I heard the other yogis whispering about me.
  (whispering about me modifies yogis)

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Gerund Phrase (Lucky you! Theres a trick to
this one)

• Consists of a gerund together with its
  complements and modifiers which act as a noun.
  (trick-replace phrase with it to determine if it
  is a gerund).
• She enjoys running on the treadmill. (The gerund
  phrase is the direct object of verb enjoys.)

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How to identify participial or gerund phrases?

• Participial have ing or ed.
• Gerund phrases can be replaced with it. If it
  cant be replaced with it , the phrase is a
  participial

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Infinitive Phrases

• An infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by
  to, that is used as a noun, adj. or adverb
• To err is human
• I want to work in my garden.
• See 83, bottom of page for exceptions

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Infinitive Phrases

• An Infinitive Phrase consists of an infinitive
  together with its complements and modifiers.
• To do a handstand in the center of the room is
  very difficult. the infinitive phrase is used
  as a noun and is the subject of the sentence.

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Appositives and Appositive Phrases

• An appositive is a noun or pronoun that follows
  another noun or pronoun to explain it. (2
  tricks-appositives can always be cut out or
  pausing the sentence)
• An appositive phrase is made up of an appositive
  and its modifiers.
• Ex
• My student, Sandy Yaghoubian, is excellent at
  grammar.

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Example of an Appositive phrase

• Her teacher, Ms. Goler, visited Maachu Pichu, an
  example of an ancient Incan Empire,
• A veteran traveler of South America, Ms. Goler is
  desperately trying to reach her goal, of
  traveling to South Korea.

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Congratulations!

• You have been awarded an opportunity to
  demonstrate your phrase erudition.
• HW Page 89,90, exercise d and e
• Post Test 1 on page 91
• These are due on Friday, at the beginning of
  class.