Barcodes initiative

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Barcodes initiative
Joint Workshop of IABIN and GBIF Indaiatuba,
12-15 December, 2006 Cristina Y.
Miyaki Departamento de Genética e Biologia
Evolutiva Instituto de Biociências Universidade
de São Paulo
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Consortium for the Barcode of Life -CBOL
International collaboration between museums,
herbaria, biological repositories, biodiversity
inventory sites, academic and commercial experts
in genomics, taxonomy, electronics, and computer
science.
Objectives 1) speed compilation of DNA barcodes
of known animal and plant species, 2)
establish a public library of sequences linked to
named specimens.
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Public database of sequences linked to named
specimens
Guarouba guarouba
Sequence compare with a database
Tissue samples
Ramphastos toco
Barcode analyzer
Leucopternis larcenulatus
Standardization
Xyphorhynchus fuscus
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http//www.barcodinglife.com
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Which DNA sequence?

• Mitochondrial or nuclear genome?
• evolutionary rate (5 10 X higher)
• number of copies per cell (100 10,000 vs. 2)
• Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI)
• 650 bp
• universal primers
• easily aligned

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COI distances within and among species of 73
North American bird species
Difference 18 X Limit 2 of divergence

• Consistent with current taxonomy
• Possible lumped species (candidate for taxonomic
  split)
• Recent divergence, hybridization, or synonym
• Possible taxonomic misidentification

Hebert et al., 2004
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Neighbor-joining tree based on 650 bp of COI from
260 North American bird species
2005 3 X more species sequenced
Hebert et al., 2004
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Major limitations of barcoding
Groups with little sequence diversity few
differences and independent lineages cannot be
identified.Hybrids as only one gene will be
assessed, hybrids will not be detected.Pseudogen
es non active gene copies can mislead the
analyses.Competition for financial resources
other taxonomy based projects are not being
funded.
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5th Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in
Taxonomy
Debate between barcoders and critics (Systematic
Biology 54 841-859, 2005)
Test5 specimens 5 sequences100 taxonomists 6
barcoders
3 specimens 3 specimens 1 in common
COMPLEMENTATION
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Aplications of DNA barcodes

• Identification of samples found on airplanes
• Identification of forensic samples

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All Birds Barcode Iniciative - ABBI

• Workshop at the University of Harvard (8-9
  September, 2005)
• 50 participants North America (26), Europe (7),
  Africa (3), Asia (8), South America (6)
• DNA barcodes IS NOT taxonomy based on DNA and it
  is NOT the Tree of Life
• DNA barcodes may help to create a good
  environment for taxonomic research

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All Birds Barcode Iniciative - ABBI

• Coordination by regions Palearctic, Neotropics,
  Australasia Antarctic, Africa, Indomalaian,
  Oceanic
• Tissue sample linked to a museum voucher (skin,
  carcass, skeleton, feathers), or a picture
• At least five samples per species

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http//barcoding.si.edu/ http//www.barcodinglife
.org http// phe.rockefeller.edu/BarcodeConferenc
e/index.html