THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT

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CHAPTER 3
THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT
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The Fertilization Process

• The Beginnings
• Sperm
• Ovum (Egg)
• The Menstrual Cycle
• Implantation

3
The Fertilization Process

• Infertility
• 1 in 6 American couples meets criteria for
  infertility
• Endometriosis
• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
• Adoption

4
Heredity at Work

• Chromosomes and Genes
• Structurally and functionally, females resist
  disease better than males
• The male is more subject to hereditary disease
  and defect

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Heredity at Work

• Chromosomes and Genes
• Environmental elements expose the male to greater
  hazards
• Females are born with and retain a biological
  superiority over males

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Heredity at Work

• DNA Structure and Function
• Genetic counseling
• 1. Knowledge
• 2. Skills
• 3. Attitudes

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Heredity at Work

• How Traits Are Transmitted
• Homozygous/Heterozygous
• Dominant/Recessive
• Mutations
• Polygenic

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Heredity at Work

• Hereditary Disorders
• Down syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Turner syndrome
• Tay-Sachs disease

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Heredity at Work

• Examples of Genetic Disorders
• Sickle-cell anemia
• Cystic fibrosis (CF)
• Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• Spina bifida

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The Human Genome Project

• How the Human Genome Project Began
• Top biologists in the 1980s set goals
• Continue mapping the human genome
• Identify all genes in the genome
• Advance DNA sequencing
• Develop new technologies

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The Human Genome Project

• Ethical, Legal and Social Implications
• 1. Fairness in the use of genetic information
• 2. Privacy and confidentiality of genetic
  information
• 3. Psychological impact

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The Human Genome Project

• Ethical, Legal and Social Implications
• 4. Genetic testing
• 5. Reproductive issues
• 6. Clinical issues
• 7. Commercialization