Animal Biotechnology

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Animal Biotechnology

• -Outline the process used to create Dolly
• -Discuss some limitations to the cloning process

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Progress on cloning

• http//www.northwestern.edu/science-outreach/cloni
  ng/webcast.html

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Animal models

• Animal models can tell us about ourselves
• Test vaccines (polio)
• Surgical techniques
• Dialysis
• Test new treatments

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Need to test in animals

• To get approval for new treatment/drug, need to
  test in at least two animal models
• Rate of absorption
• Chemical metabolism
• Time required to excrete
• Biodefense

5
Animal Biotechnology

• Understand ethical implications of animal
  research
• Explore transgenic animals
• Characterize the production of antibodies in
  animals

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Regulation

• Animal research is highly regulated
• Committees to decide need/appropriateness
• Need to prove need
• Select most appropriate species
• Devise plan for using as few animals as possible

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The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals

• NIH
• FDA
• CDC
• Receive funding

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Three Rs

• Reduce the number of higher species (cats, dogs,
  primates) used
• Replace animals with alternative models whenever
  possible
• Refine tests and experiments to ensure the most
  humane conditions possible

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Transgenic animals

• Insert gene of choice into animal
• Use cloning to generate animal

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Methods

• Retroviral-mediated transgenesis size transgene
  limited, virus can interfere
• Pronuclear injection

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Methods

• Embryonic stem cell method
• Sperm-mediated transfer linker proteins
• Gene guns

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Knockout mice

• Clip specific portion
• Replace one portion to remove function
• Added to embryonic stem cells homologous
  recombination
• Chimera some normal, some knockout

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Monoclonal antibody production
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Eggs

• Protein production
• Vaccines