Outline

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Outline

• Last Week
• 2nd Assignment
• TodayNetworks and Telecom
• Telecom in Business
• Functions and Components
• Guest Speaker
• Wed LabDo Chap 6! Then Project Time
• Next Monday Exam

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Current Event/Website

• Microsoft Email Rater Intelligent Agent
• Ranks email on desktop and cell phone
• Agent learns what you read immediately
• Agent recognizes seven attentional states

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Quiz

• Double Credit taken this hour
• Ensure you have picked up Quizzes 5-8

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Networks and Telecommunications
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Table 10.1FedEx Applies Information Technology
in Package Delivery
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Telecom in Business

• Defined
• Efficiency and Effectiveness
• Value Chain
• Convergence of Computing and Comm
• Variables

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Table 10.2Examples of telecommunications
applications
Telecom in Business

• PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
• Share data with other departments and with
  customers to make sure the product meets market
  needs and is manufacturable
• Work together with others who have simulataneous
  access to the same computerized data and
  drawings.
• PRODUCTION
• Transmit orders to suppliers computer systems
  for immediate action.
• Receive orders from customers for immediate
  action.
• Transmit customer specifications to automated
  machines in the factory.
• Collect quality data across the manufacturing
  process to analyze quality.
• SALES
• Provide prices and production data to customers.
• Obtain data from headquarters while traveling or
  visiting customers.
• Transmit orders to the factory.
• Permit customers to enter orders directly.
• Transmit credit card purchase data for quick
  credit approval.

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Table 10.2Examples of telecommunications
applications

• DELIVERY
• Receive delivery orders.
• Track merchandise in the delivery process.
• Confirm receipt of order.
• CUSTOMER SERVICE
• Receive requests for service from customers.
• Transmit data to customers to help them use the
  product or fix problems.
• Dispatch repair crews.
• MANAGEMENT
• Receive consolidated data from across the
  organization.
• Maintain personal communication with people
  throughout the organization.
• FINANCE
• Transfer funds to suppliers.
• Receive funds from customers.
• Complete transactions related to financing of the
  organization.

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Figure 10.1The unclear boundary between
computing and telecommunications
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Figure 10.2New options for wire and wireless
transmission
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Table 10.3Performance Variables and Related
Telecommunications Choices

• FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
• Capacity
• Each transmission medium operates in a particular
  capacity range in terms of data transmission
  speeds and distances covered.
• Multiplexers increase the effective capacity of a
  line by combining multiple transmissions and
  separating them out when they are received.
• Speed
• The promise of the Infromation Superhighway is
  limited by practical constraints on data transfer
  rates and capacity.
• Transmitting voice communications through a
  satellite introduces a noticeable delay in
  response.
• Price-performance
• Fiber optic cable has a far more data carrying
  capacity than twisted pair or coaxial cable, but
  is more expensive.
• Cellular phones are more convenient than
  fixed-location phones, but are much more
  expensive.
• Reliability
• Networks sometimes fail altogether, calling for
  alternative routes and other forms of backup.
• Data degrades as it moves through physical
  medium, motivating the use of digital
  transmission and calling for the repeaters to
  boost the signal.
• Data networks can use encryption to prevent
  unauthorized access.
• Operating conditions
• Clouds, rain, and buildings interfere with some
  wireless transmissions.
• Weight and portability of cellular phones affect
  their use.
• Telephone switches require uninterrupted electric
  supply.

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Table 10.3Performance Variables and Related
Telecommunications Choices

• EASE OF USE
• Quality of user interface
• Digital transmission provides clearer
  transmission than analog transmission.
• Ease of becoming proficient
• Proficiency with basic telephone capabilities
  systems is almost immediate, but many users never
  learn the more advanced features, such as
  transferring phone calls.
• Portability
• Portable phones are convenient for many purposes.
• SECURITY
• Ease of interception
• Analog cellular calls are comparatively easy to
  intercept.
• Cost of security
• Encryption requires additional calculation
  capabilities built into telecommunications
  devices.

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Table 10.3Performance Variables and Related
Telecommunications Choices

• COMPATIBILITY
• Conformance to standards
• Telecommunications operates based on many de
  facto and de jure standards.
• Interoperability
• Multiple inconsistent standards exist in computer
  networking, such as OSI, SNA, and TCP/IP.
• MAINTAINABILITY
• Modularity
• Data networks are modularized so messages can
  follow the routing that is least busy at any
  time.
• Scalability
• PBXs can handle particular numbers of lines and
  then need to be upgraded.
• Flexibility
• There is often a need to upgrade or downsize
  networks.

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Functions and components of telecom
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Figure 10.4Los Angeles to Paris by telephone
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Figure 10.6Superinposing a signal on a carrier
wave
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Table 10.4Transmitting Analog or Digital Data
Encoded in Analog or Digital Form
ORIGINAL DATA IN ANALOG FORM, SUCH AS SOUNDS,
IMAGES, AND VIDEO Analog Signal Method
superimpose the shape of the data on a carrier
signal receive the signal and subtract out the
carrier wave to reconstruct the original
signal Examples transmit voice using traditional
telephone lines or radio broadcasting use a fax
to digitize a picture and then transmit it over a
typical analog telephone line transmit video in
traditional television broadccasting Advantages
basic idea of the early telecommunications
applications Shortcomings signal degrades as it
moves through the channel can boost its power,
but can not restore its shape Digital
Signal Method digitize the sounds or images to
approximate them using a stream of 0s and 1s
receive the stream of 0s and 1s and reconstruct
the approximation Examples transmit voice using
a digital telephone line, transmit voice via
satellite, transmit television using
cable Advantages can manipulate the data more
effectively and can have mixed forms of data as
new transmission services emerge Shortcomings
greater processing requirements at the nodes and
greater data transmission capacity required of
the network
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Table 10.4Transmitting Analog or Digital Data
Encoded in Analog or Digital Form
ORIGINAL DATA IN DIGITAL FORM, SUCH AS NUMBERS
AND TEXT Analog Signal Method superimpose a
stream of 0s and 1s on a carrier signal
receive the signal and subtract out the carrier
wave to reconstruct the original signal Examples
use a modem to transmit data from one computer to
another via an analog telephone line Advantages
permits using typical telephone lines to transmit
computerized data Shortcomings not as efficient
as simply sending the 0s and 1s down the
channel limited by base frequency of the analog
signal Digital signal Method transmit a stream
of 0s and 1s by sending them through the
channel as a series of pulses Examples transmit
computerized data in a local area
nerwork Advantages low error rate Shortcomings
cannot use the standard analog telephone
technology for these applications
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Table 10.5Data Rates Related to Different
Telecommunications Technologies
DATA RATE 6 to 30 Kbps 28.8 or 56 Kpbs 64
Kbps 112 Kbps 1.5 Mbps 1.5 Mbps 10 Mbps 100
Mbps 155 Mbps 1 Gbps 2.3 to 9.2 Mbps 12 to 274
Mbps 2 Gbps 3 terabits per second
DATA RATE Wireless network services for mobole
workers Data transfer through a typical modem for
a PC Uncompressed, digitized voice Basic rate
ISDN for twisted pair wire using 2 data
channels T-1 phone line, commonly used for
transferring business data between company sites
also, primary rate ISDN for twisted pair wire
using 23 data channels Cable modems and ADSL
modems Ethernet standard for local area networks
using coaxial cable Fast ethernet also FDDI
(Fiber Distributed Data Interface) standard for
local area networks using fiber optic cable Data
switch using asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)
technology Gigabit ethernet Transmission to a
large satellite terminal Microwave transmission
at freqencies between 2 GHz and 18 GHz Typical
data rate for a single strand of fiber optic
cable Data rates achieved in a lab by Bell Labs
using fiber optic equipment in 1997
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Table 10.6Historical Improvements in Data Rates
YEAR 1844 1876 1915 1940 1956 1962 1983 1996 1997
1997
TECHNOLOGY Telegraph Telephone Transcontinental
copper telephone cables Coaxial telephone cable
carrying 480 voice calls Transatlantic telephone
cable carrying 36 voices Telstar, the first
communications satellite, carrying 12 voice
calls First fiber trunk line between New York and
Washington, DC Phone companies install new, much
faster fiber optic equipment for long distance
lines Ciena promises to deliver 100 Gbps fiber
optic equipment in 1998 Data rates achieved in a
lab by Bell Labs using fiber optic equipment
DATA RATE 5 bps 2 Kbps 30 Kbps 7.6 Mbps 1.3
Mbps 0.8 Mbps 45 Mbps 2.5 Gbps 100 Gbps 3000 Gbps
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Figure 10.7Three types of wire media
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Figure 10.8Four examples of wireless transmission
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Summary

• Networks and Telecom
• Telecom in Business
• Defined
• Efficiency and Effectiveness
• Value Chain
• Convergence of Computing and Comm
• Variables
• Functions and Components

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Guest SpeakerBill Rigg

• In 1986 when I began a computer graphics business
  in Cincinnati pushing a new technology - Desktop
  Publishing and incorporated DTP into networks
  of all sizes and types.
• In 1991, I was MIS lead for the Project Office
  for the Honeywell Space Avionics Center in
  Clearwater FL., working on the then Space Station
  Freedom project.
• Currently, Internet Direct in Bowling Green in
  charge of Business Development.
• CCNA certified (Cisco Certified Network
  Associate).