The Green Building Process

1
The Green Building Process

• Lecture 8

2
The Green Building Process

• Stakeholders
• Design Charrette
• Ecological Design
• Construction Operations
• Planning Concepts

3
Sustainability by Design

• We cant solve the problems of the past using
  the same thinking and methods that created them
• .Einstein

4
Integrated Design

• Front-loaded design
• The whole building
• Life-cycle assessment
• Full-cost accounting
• All stakeholders
• Modeling and verification

5
Who should be at the table ?

• Owner
• Architects/engineers
• Builder
• Facilities managers
• Users
• Consultants (energy, lighting, water, landscape,
  ecology, materials, waste)
• Others (neighbors, planning code officials

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Design Charrettes
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Ecological Design

• Solutions grow from place
• Make nature visible
• Design with nature
• Ecological accounting informs design
• Everyone is a designer
• Ecological Design Sim van der Ryn

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Ecological Design (2)

• Conventional
• Non-renewable energy
• Wasteful use of materials and byproducts are
  discarded to soil, water and air
• Compliance with the law is the measure of success
• Goals are short term
• Design is based on convenience, custom, and
  economics
• Replication and homogeneity are the norm
• Systems boundaries are abstract
• Nature is manipulated to meet a narrow range of
  human needs
• Done by experts

9
Ecological Design (3)

• Ecological
• Renewable sources are used to maximum extent
• Industrial ecology materials manufacture, reuse,
  recycling, flexibility, durability
• Full life-cycle accounting
• Goals are long term
• Human and ecosystem health, and ecological
  economics
• Bioregional context determines place specific
  design
• Follows ecosystems boundaries
• Natures processes and design intelligence
  replaces reliance on fuels and materials
• Full debate and discussion

10
Sustainable Design Construction

• WHAT WORKS BEST ?
• Design / Bid
• - less flexibility, integration
• competitive process, lowest cost
• Construction Management
• - less-competitive, cost, GMP
• flexibility, integration, knowledge, GMP
• Design / Build
• - cost-control, less-competitive, capacity
• communication, flexibility, creativity,
  continuity

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Sustainable Process

• PRE-DESIGN
• Qualify Design Team
• Management Options
• Stakeholder Input include employees neighbors
• Vision and Goals interdisciplinary design
  charrette
• Sustainability Matrix environmental, functional
  life-cycle cost objectives
• Incentives and Codes / Certifications
• Benchmarking

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SD C Process (2)

• CONCEPT DESIGN
• Develop Sustainable Design Concepts
• Research and Analyze feasibility of options,
  ex. systems materials
• Prioritize Objectives ex. LEED rating level
• SCHEMATIC DESIGN
• Review Sustainability Objectives
• Sustainable Design Evaluation/Revision
• Modeling Energy Life-Cycle Costs

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SD C Process (3)

• DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
• Sustainable Design Systems and Materials
• Outline Green Design Specifications
• CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
• LEED Certification Requirements
• Green Specifications
• Check-off

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SD C Process (4)

• CONSTRUCTION
• Worker Environmental Education
• Sustainable Construction Process ex.
  CD/Erosion
• BUILDING COMMISSIONING
• As-builts
• Owners Manual
• POST-OCCUPANCY
• Occupant Satisfaction
• Energy Star Benchmarking
• Lessons-Learned
• Certification/incentives

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Building Objectives

• Programmatic Objectives
• Performance Objectives
• Financial Objectives
• Environmental Objectives
• Site, Energy, Water, Materials, Waste, Landscape,
  Occupants, Operation and Maintenance, Adaptation
  Objectives
• Educational Objectives
• Marketing Objectives

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Environmental Objectives

• Smaller is better
• Energy-efficient building 
• Use renewable energy
• Optimize material use
• Water-efficient, low-maintenance landscaping 
• Occupants recycling
• Design for durability 
• Design for future reuse and adaptability
• Avoid potential health hazards radon, mold,
  pesticides

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Environmental Objectives (2)

• Renovate older buildings
• Create community
• Encourage in-fill and mixed-use development 
• Minimize automobile dependence
• Value site resources
• Locate buildings to minimize environmental impact
• Provide responsible on-site water management 
• Situate buildings to benefit from existing
  vegetation
• Avoid ozone-depleting chemicals in mechanical
  equipment and insulation 

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Environmental Objectives (3)

• Use durable products and materials
• Choose low-maintenance building materials 
• Choose building materials with low embodied
  energy
• Buy locally produced building materials
• Use building products made from recycled
  materials
• Use salvaged building materials when possible
• Seek responsible wood supplies
• Avoid materials that will off-gas pollutants
• Minimize use of pressure-treated lumber

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Environmental Objectives (4)

• Minimize packaging waste 
• Install high-efficiency heating and cooling
  equipment
• Install high-efficiency lights and appliances
• Install water-efficient equipment
• Install mechanical ventilation equipment
• Protect trees and topsoil during sitework 
• Minimize job-site waste
• CERTIFIED ENERGY STAR OR LEED GREEN BUILDING
• Environmental Building News

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Construction Operations

• Reduce footprint
• Protect landscape and soils
• Sediment and erosion control
• Recycling debris and soils
• CD Minimization
• Prevent waste from entering site
• Proactive design site and building

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Construction Demolition Wastes

• 136 million tons / year in US
• 30 of total US solid waste
• Demolition 48
• Residential 245,000 / yr
• Non-residential 43,795 (1995)
• Renovation 44
• Residential 6.75 million
• Non-residential 28 million ton
• New Construction 8

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Total CD by Materials

• 54 Concrete
• 25 Drywall (residential)
• 22 Wood
• 5 Cardboard
• 3 Steel
• 2 Brick

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CD Waste Reduction

• Waste audit
• Markets and service providers
• Types of materials
• Costs and benefits
• Local disposal fees
• Reuse and recycle on-site
• Reuse and recycle by Contractor
• Off-site reuse and recycling

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Planning Concepts

• New Urbanism
• Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND)
• Transit Oriented Development
• Location efficiency
• Transit, walkability, mixed-uses
• Urban density, mix of housing types
• Sidewalks, porches, fronts and backs
• Alleys, side and rear garages
• Urban and infill locations

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Seaside (T.N.D.)
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Seaside (2)
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Seaside (3)
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Seaside (4)
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Seaside (5)

• - 1232 SF (heated/cooled)
• - 544 porch/deck
• 3 bedrooms, 2 baths. All-wood interior with
  vaulted ceiling
• A light-filled beach cottage to gather
  memories with family and friends
• Very accessible with one-level floor plan

885,000 - 718/SF
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Seaside (6)
475,000 - 671/SF

• - 700 SF (heated/cooled)
• - 170 SF porches
• 2 bedrooms plus sleeping loft, 1 bath
• Rosewalk's original and most celebrated
  cottage

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Seaside (7)
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Orenco Station (T.O.D.)
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Orenco Station (2)
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Orenco Station (3)
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Orenco Station (4)