Learning To Use New Testament Greek

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Learning To Use New Testament Greek

• Lesson XI

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ajgroV, oJ

• field
• agrarian

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douloV, oJ

• servant, slave

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qanatoV, oJ

• death
• thanatology study of death

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liqoV, oJ

• stone
• lithography

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uiJoV, oJ

• son

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ergon, to

• work
• erg unit of work
• ergonomic

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eujallelion, to

• gospel
• evangelical

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teknon, to

• child

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erhmoV, hJ

• wilderness, desert
• hermit

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oJdoV, hJ

• road, way
• odometer

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ginwskw

• I know
• Gnostic

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lambanw

• I take, I receive

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ferw

• I bring, I bear
• Christopher bearer of Christ

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de

• now, but

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Nouns (of the 2nd declension)

• names person, place, thing, quality or idea
• John 1 12 But as many as received Him, to them
  He gave the right to become children of God, to
  those who believe in His name 13 who were born,
  not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor
  of the will of man, but of God.
• blood is a noun
• Greek aimatwn (Plural genitive noun)
• English mass noun (e.g. sugar)
• Literally bloods
• Indicates family lineage

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Distinctive Features Of A Noun

• Case
• Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative,
  Vocative
• Gender
• Masculine, Feminine, neuter
• Number
• Singular, plural
• In Greek Declensions
• 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Refers to a group)

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Case

• Has to do with the function of the noun as it
  relates to the verb or to other parts of a
  sentence (Essentials Of New Testament Greek by
  Ray Summers)
• Paul sent the churches a letter.
• The churched sent Paul a letter.
• English subject verb IO DO
• Greek word order not as critical to determine
  the subject of the sentence.
• will be known by its ending

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Examples

• Men see apostles.
• blepousi anqrwpoi ajpostolouV.
• The wisdom of men.
• 2. ejdwken anqrwpoiV domata.
• Apostles see men.
• 3. anqrwpous blepousi ajpostoloi.

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Nominative Case

• Indicates subject of the sentence.
• Naming case
• E.g. John saw Jesus coming to him.
• oV, oi

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Genitive Case

• The case which describes.
• It specifies or qualifies.
• Often thought of as the case of possession.
• Often translated with use of word of.
• E.g. The disciples of John fasted.

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Dative Case

• Case which points out the person to, or for, whom
  something is done.
• Most often associated with the indirect object.
• Often translated with word to or for.
• E.g. Jesus was speaking words of truth to the
  crowd.

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Accusative Case

• Receives the action of the verb or that which
  is directly affected by the action of the verb.
• Known as the direct object.
• Relative to the verb, it answers the question
  what?
• E.g. Jesus was speaking words of truth to the
  crowd.

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Vocative Case

• Not widely used
• The case of direct address
• E.g. Lord have mercy on us.

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Gender

• Method of classification.
• Types Masculine, Feminine, Neuter
• English Nouns classified on basis of natural
  gender.
• Greek generally follows natural gender w/
  living things.
• Things, qualities, ideas are not necessarily
  neuter
• Recognizing gender is important.

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Endings for Nouns of 2nd Declension
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine Neuter Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nom oV oi on a
Gen ou wn ou wvn
Dat w/ oiV w/ oiV
Acc on ouV on a
Voc e oi on a
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Articles

• a, an, the
• noun marker or determiner
• an adjective
• the is definite points to a specific thing
• a or an is indefinite general information
• Greek has no indefinite article

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Articles

• anqrwpoV blepei apostolon.
• A man sees an apostle.
• oJ anqrwpos blepei ton apostolon.
• The man sees the apostle.