Measuring the stability of typological parameters Dik Bakker Amsterdam

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Measuring the stability of typological
parameters Dik BakkerAmsterdam
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Typology
TYPOLOGY
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO,
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None Morphological type Isol, Aggl, Fuse,
Polisynt
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None Morphological type Isol, Aggl, Fuse,
Polisynt Align MorphSynt ACCACC, ERGACC,
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None Morphological type Isol, Aggl, Fuse,
Polisynt Align MorphSynt ACCACC, ERGACC,
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None Morphological type Isol, Aggl, Fuse,
Polisynt Align MorphSynt ACCACC, ERGACC,
Stability ???
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None Morphological type Isol, Aggl, Fuse,
Polisynt Align MorphSynt ACCACC, ERGACC,
Diachronically Stability
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Typology
TYPOLOGY ? Linguistic Variables Constituent
order SOV, SVO, VSO, Adposition type Prep,
Post, None Morphological type Isol, Aggl, Fuse,
Polisynt Align MorphSynt ACCACC, ERGACC,
Diachronically Stability Language
Contact
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Overview
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Overview
1. Measuring Stability the data
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Overview
1. Measuring Stability the data 2. Measuring
Stability method 1
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Overview
1. Measuring Stability the data 2. Measuring
Stability method 1 3. Measuring Stability
method 2
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Overview
1. Measuring Stability the data 2. Measuring
Stability method 1 3. Measuring Stability
method 2 4. Comparing 1 2
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Overview
1. Measuring Stability the data 2. Measuring
Stability method 1 3. Measuring Stability
method 2 4. Comparing 1 2 5. Some of the
problems
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Data
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-Germanic
SOV
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-Germanic
SOV German SOV Dutch SOV
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-Germanic
SOV German SOV Dutch SOV English SVO Dan
ish SVO Faroese SVO
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-Germanic
SOV German SOV Dutch SOV English SVO Dan
ish SVO Faroese SVO
3000 years 0.2
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-G
ermanic SOV 0.2
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-G
ermanic SOV 0.2 Romance SVO 0.9
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-G
ermanic SOV 0.2 Romance SVO 0.9 Berber V
SO 0.6
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-G
ermanic SOV 0.2 Romance SVO 0.9 Berber V
SO 0.6 Otomian VOS 0.4
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics Proto-G
ermanic SOV 0.2 Romance SVO 0.9 Berber V
SO 0.6 Otomian VOS 0.4 MEAN Constituent
Order 0.52 (var high)
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics MEAN Pr
oto-Germanic SOV 0.2 0.31 SOV
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Data
IDEALLY ? Historical linguistics MEAN Pr
oto-Germanic SOV 0.2 0.31 SOV Romance S
VO 0.9 0.83 SVO
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Data
Historical Data
?
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Data
Historical Data (reconstruction)

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Data
Method hypothetical reconstruction on the
basis of a large typological database
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Data WALS
World Atlas of Language Structures Haspelmath,
Martin, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil
Bernard Comrie (eds) (2005) Oxford Oxford
University Press.
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Data WALS
World Atlas of Language Structures Variables 139
(Phon Morph Synt Lex etc)
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72. Imperative-Hortative systems
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Data WALS
WALS database Variables 139 (Phon Morph
Synt Lex etc)
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Data WALS
WALS database Variables 139 (Phon Morph
Synt Lex etc) Authors Bickel Comrie Corbet
Dryer Haspelmath Nichols Siewierska
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Data WALS
WALS database Variables 139 (Phon Morph
Synt Lex etc) Values 2 to 9 (mean 4.7)
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Data WALS
WALS database Variables 139 (Phon Morph
Synt Lex etc) Values 2 to 9 (mean
4.7) Languages 2558
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Data WALS
WALS database Variables 139 (Phon Morph
Synt Lex etc) Values 2 to 9 (mean
4.7) Languages 2558 Per Var 417 lgs (min 116
max 1343)
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Data WALS
WALS database Variables 139 (Phon Morph
Synt Lex etc) Values 2 to 9 (mean
4.7) Languages 2558 Per Var 417 lgs (min 116
max 1343) Total 58,000 datapoints ( 16)
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Data WALS
WALS database
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Data WALS
WALS database
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Data WALS
WALS database
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Data WALS
WALS database
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Data WALS Ethnologue
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Data WALS Ethnologue
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Data WALS Ethnologue
WALS database
C
Ethnologue classification
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Data WALS Ethnologue
WALS database
F O R M U L A
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
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Stability 1
WALS database
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
WALS database
Ethnologue classification
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Stability 1
Group i
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Stability 1
Group i
Assumption most frequent value original
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Stability 1
Group i
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Stability 1
Group i
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Stability 1
Group i
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Stability 1
Group i
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Stability 1
Group i
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Stability 1
?
Group i
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Stability 1
Group i
Formula Stability ???
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Stability 1
Group i
Stability 1.0
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Stability 1
Group i
Stability gt 1.0
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Stability 1
Group i
Stability (weighted) (51)(22)(13) / 8 1.5
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Stability 1
Group i
Stability (weighted) 4.5
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Stability 1
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Stability 1
Stability mean / lowest groups
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Stability 1
Stability mean/highest groups (phylum)
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Stability 1
Stability mean / genus (Dryer) 3000-4000
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Stability 1
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Stability 1
Stability factor Fct1C per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct1C 1. MADABS Absence Common
Consonants 1.046 2. CORSEX Sex-based Gender
1.049 3. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels
1.053 4. NICMTP M-T Pronouns 1.055
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Stability 1
Stability factor Fct1C per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct1C 1. MADABS Absence Common
Consonants 1.046 2. CORSEX Sex-based Gender
1.049 3. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels
1.053 4. NICMTP M-T Pronouns 1.055
136. GOEFAC Weight-Sensitive Stress 1.432 137.
DRYIND Indefinite Articles 1.437 138. DRYDEF
Definite Articles 1.454 139. KAYBCC Basic
Colour Categories 1.480
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Stability 1
CAT nvals Fct1C
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Stability 1
CAT nvals Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 1.17
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Stability 1
CAT nvals Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 1.17 4. Lexicon 4.0 1.20
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Stability 1
CAT nvals Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 1.17 4. Lexicon 4.0 1.20 8.
Phonology 4.9 1.22 9. Morphology 4.1 1.23
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Stability 1
CAT nvals Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 1.17 4. Lexicon 4.0 1.20 8.
Phonology 4.9 1.22 9. Morphology 4.1 1.23
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Stability 1
Correlations Genera vs. Phylum 0.869
(p lt 0.01)
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Stability 2
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3)
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B C
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B
C G1(8) 8 0 0
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B
C G1(8) 8 0 0 G2(7) 1 0 6
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B
C G1(8) 8 0 0 G2(7) 1 0
6 G3(5) 1 3 1
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B
C G1(8) 8 0 0 G2(7) 1 0
6 G3(5) 1 3 1 Assumption Highest
Original
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B C
O X G1(8) 8 0 0 8
0 G2(7) 1 0 6 6 1 G3(5) 1
3 1 3 2 Assumption Highest
Original
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Stability 2
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B C
O X prob G1(8) 8 0 0 8
0 0.0005 G2(7) 1 0 6 6 1
0.0192 G3(5) 1 3 1 3 2
0.2469 Assumption Highest Original
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Stability 2
Measure Of Stability
VARIABLE i (nvals 3) A B C
O X prob G1(8) 8 0 0 8
0 0.0005 G2(7) 1 0 6 6 1
0.0192 G3(5) 1 3 1 3 2
0.4914 Assumption Highest Original
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Stability 2
Stability factor Fct2B per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2
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Stability 2
Stability factor Fct2B per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct2B 1. MADABS Absence Common
Consonants 0.142 2. DRYADP Order Aspos-N
0.144 3. DRYREL Order RelCl-N
0.185 4. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels
0.187
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Stability 2
Stability factor Fct2B per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct2B 1. MADABS Absence Common
Consonants 0.142 2. DRYADP Order Aspos-N
0.144 3. DRYREL Order RelCl-N
0.185 4. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels
0.187... 136. BICHDC Head-Dept Clause
0.494137. KAYBCC Basic Colour
Categories 0.500138. BICHDN Head-Dept NP
0.505139. BICSYN Inflectional
Synthesis 0.528
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Stability 2
Stability factor Fct2B per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct2B 1. MADABS Absence Common
Consonants 0.142 2. DRYADP Order Aspos-N
0.144 3. DRYREL Order RelCl-N
0.185 4. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels
0.187... 136. BICHDC Head-Dept Clause
0.494137. KAYBCC Basic Colour
Categories 0.500138. BICHDN Head-Dept NP
0.505139. BICSYN Inflectional
Synthesis 0.528
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Stability 2
Stability factor Fct2B per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct2B Fct1C 1. MADABS Absence
Common Consonants 0.142 1 2. DRYADP
Order Aspos-N 0.144 12 3.
DRYREL Order RelCl-N 0.185 43
4. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels 0.187
3 ... 136. BICHDC Head-Dept Clause
0.494 133137. KAYBCC Basic Colour Categories
0.500 139138. BICHDN Head-Dept NP
0.505 123139. BICSYN Inflectional
Synthesis 0.528 109
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Stability 2
Pearson 0.568 p lt 0.01 Anova p 0.000
Stability factor Fct2B per variable Level
Genus Number of languages 2220 Minimum group
size 2 Fct2B Fct1C 1. MADABS Absence
Common Consonants 0.142 1 2. DRYADP
Order Aspos-N 0.144 12 3.
DRYREL Order RelCl-N 0.185 43
4. MADFRV Front Rounded Vowels 0.187
3 ... 136. BICHDC Head-Dept Clause
0.494 133137. KAYBCC Basic Colour Categories
0.500 139138. BICHDN Head-Dept NP
0.505 123139. BICSYN Inflectional
Synthesis 0.528 109
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Stability 2
CAT nvals Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 0.241 2. Phonology 4.9
0.334 4. Lexicon 4.0 0.347 9.
Morphology 4.1 0.383
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Stability 2
CAT nvals Fct2B Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 0.241 1. 2. Phonology 4.9
0.334 8. 4. Lexicon 4.0 0.347 4. 9.
Morphology 4.1 0.383 9.
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Stability 2
CAT nvals Fct2B Fct1C 1. Word
Order 4.6 0.241 1. 2. Phonology 4.9
0.334 8. 4. Lexicon 4.0 0.347 4. 9.
Morphology 4.1 0.383 9.
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Problems
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Problems

• a. Most frequent original
• BWO in Germanic SOV (2) vs. SVO (8)
• phylum not significantly different
• all change from value A to B? (n gt 2)

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Problems
a. Most frequent original b. Different number
of values / variable
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Problems
a. Most frequent original b. Different number
of values / variable c. Different distributions
values / transitions blocked
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Problems
a. Most frequent original b. Different number
of values / variable c. Different distributions
values / transitions blocked d. Different group
size (1(!) - 90)
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Problems
a. Most frequent original b. Different number
of values / variable c. Different distributions
values / transitions blocked d. Different group
size (1(!) - 90) e. Different distribution of
variables (WALS empty)
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Problems
a. Most frequent original b. Different number
of values / variable c. Different distributions
values / transitions blocked d. Different group
size (1(!) - 90) e. Different distribution of
variables (WALS empty) f. Right
statistics/measurements - distributions ltgt
normal - combinatorial explosion groups gt 12 lgs
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Problems
a. Most frequent original b. Different number
of values / variable c. Different distributions
values / transitions blocked d. Different group
size (1(!) - 90) e. Different distribution of
variables (WALS empty) f. Right
statistics/measurements g. Strategic comparison
with diachronic data when available
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Solution
The Real Thing Is The Best
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?