Research

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Research to enhance your Life
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Nuclear Ambition Securing America and Our Energy
Future
featuring
Sue B. Clark, PhD Westinghouse DistinguishedProfe
ssor of Chemistry Department of Chemistry College
of Sciences
September 10 Seattle
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http//geology.com/articles/night-satellite/satell
ite-view-of-earth-at-night-750.jpg
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World Energy Consumption1970-2020
Sources History Energy Information
Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Markets
and End Use, International Statistics Database
and International Energy Annual 1999,
DOE/EIA-0219(99)(Washington, DC, January
2001). Projections EIA, World Energy Projection
System (2001). http//zebu.uoregon.edu/2001/ph162/
figure_13.jpg
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World Electricity Generation
Source OECD/IEA 2006 http//www.world-nuclear.org
/info/inf01.html
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Nuclear Electricity Generation2007
Bar width is indicative of the amountof
electricity in each country
Nuclear Electricity Generation (World 15)
Note Taipower uses nuclear energy to generate
22 of electricity on the island of Taiwan.
http//www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf01.html
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http//www.youtube.com
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Proliferation of CO2 Versus Proliferation of
Plutonium
VS.
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Nuclear Security A Global Concern

• UN Nuclear Agency to Discuss Iran, Syria
• USA Today, Sept 6, 2009
• U.S. Says N. Korea Nuclear Issue Needs
  Multilateral Approach
• Bloomberg Press, Sept. 5, 2009
• Former Nuclear Pariah India Seeks Uranium
  Stocks
• AFP.com, Sept. 6, 2009

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Red arrows civilian fuel cycle Blue arrows
military cycle
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International Agreements
1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
1991 Cooperative Threat Reduction 1993 HEU
Down-Blend Megatons to Megawatts
Mid-1990s Technical Assistance to
CIS Mid-1990s MPCA 1998 Additional Protocol
to NPT
9/11/01
2003 Proliferation Security Initiative 2004
U.S. Global Threat Reduction Initiative 2004
United Nations Security Council Resolution
1540 2006 RF-U.S. Global Initiative to Combat
Nuclear Terrorism
1960s
1990s
2001
2007
(not to scale)
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Red arrows civilian fuel cycle Blue arrows
military cycle
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Incidents of Global Nuclear Trafficking
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What is Technical Nuclear Forensics?

• Technical means by which nuclear materials are
  characterized and interpreted.
• Characterization
• Physical condition
• Composition
• Age Environmental History
• Interpretation
• Industrial History
• Provenance

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Role of Nuclear Forensics
Interdicted Sample
Interpretation, analysisand case development
Attribution and Response
From APS/AAAS Report
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Sample Processing Takes Time
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Trade-offsSpeed vs. Accuracy
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Faster Sample ProcessingRapid Separations
Traditional Approach requires hours
Clark and Friese, in press, J. Radioanalyt. Nucl.
Chem.
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Field Deployable
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Sometimes, we need to find the needle in the
haystack
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Finding and Characterizing Particles
Franceschi Microscopy Center, WSU
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Secondary Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Novikov et al., 2006. Science, 314 638 641
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Who will do the work?
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The Aging DOE Nuclear Workforce
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Radiochemistry Workforce Pipeline
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Closed Loop Nuclear Fuel Cycles
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Where Are We Going?

• Moving into new lab space
• More square footage
• Hopefully more hood space
• Enhancing collaborations with national labs
• Joint faculty / national lab appointments
• Joint advising of graduate students
• Developing industrial partners
• Radiopharmaceutical chemistry
• Separations chemistry
• Developing international opportunities
• Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute
• France CEA
• UK Radiochemistry Research Centres

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Acknowledgements

• Financial assistance from
• U.S. Department of Energy
• National Science Foundation
• U.S. Department of Homeland Security
• U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
• Washington State University
• Dodgen Nuclear Radiation Center
• Geoanalytical Laboratory
• Franceschi Microscopy Center

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