Fundamental Symmetries of the Early Universe: The Standard Model

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Fundamental Symmetries of the Early UniverseThe
Standard Model Beyond
M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Caltech Wisconsin-Madison
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History

• What were the fundamental symmetries that
  governed the microphysics of the early universe?

The (broken) symmetries of the Standard Model of
particle physics work remarkably well at late
times, but they leave many unsolved puzzles
pertaining to the early universe

• What insights can low energy (E ltlt MZ)
  precision electroweak studies provide?

New forces and their symmetries generally imply
the existence of new particles. Looking for their
footprints in low energy processes can yield
important clues about their character
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Outline

1. Motivation Why New Symmetries ? Why Low
   Energy Probes ?
2. Brief Interlude Supersymmetry
3. Three Probes, Three Questions Electric
   dipole moments the origin of Matter Weak
   decays, lepton scattering new
   forces Neutrino mass and interactions

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Motivation
Why New Symmetries ? Why Low Energy Probes
?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Puzzles the Standard Model cant solve

1. Origin of matter
2. Unification gravity
3. Weak scale stability
4. Neutrinos

What are the symmetries (forces) of the early
universe beyond those of the SM?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Baryogenesis When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
WIMPy D.M. Related to baryogenesis?
New gravity? Lorentz violation? Effects on CMB?
?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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There must have been additional symmetries in the
earlier Universe to

• Unify all matter, space, time
• Stabilize the weak scale
• Produce all the matter that exists
• Account for neutrino properties

• Give self-consistent quantum gravity

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What are the new fundamental symmetries?
Two frontiers in the search
Collider experiments (pp, ee-, etc) at higher
energies (E gtgt MZ)
Indirect searches at lower energies (E lt MZ) but
high precision
Particle, nuclear atomic physics
High energy physics
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Precision, low energy measurements can probe for
new symmetries in the desert
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II. Brief Interlude Supersymmetry
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SUSY a candidate symmetry of the early Universe

• Unify all forces
• Protect GF from shrinking
• Produce all the matter that exists

3 of 4 Yes Maybe so
Maybe Probably necessary

• Account for neutrino properties
• Give self-consistent quantum gravity

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SUSY a candidate symmetry of the early Universe
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SUSY and R Parity
Consequences
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SUSY must be a broken symmetry
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III. Three Probes, Three Questions
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What is the origin of baryonic matter ?
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EDMs Baryogenesis
Sakharov Criteria

• B violation
• C CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics

Sakharov, 1967
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EW Baryogenesis Standard Model
Anomalous Processes
Different vacua D(BL) DNCS
Sphaleron Transitions
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EW Baryogenesis Standard Model
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
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EDM Probes of New CP Violation
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Present n-EDM limit

Proposed n-EDM limit


Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry in the Universe
?
M. Pendlebury B. Filippone
Riotto Carena et al. Lee, Cirigliano, R-M,
Tulin
n-EDM has killed more theories than any other
single experiment
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
Theoretical Issues Strength of phase
transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics
(numerical) Transport at phase boundary (non-eq
QFT) EDMs many-body physics QCD
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Electroweak Phase Transition Higgs
LEP EWWG
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Quantum Transport SUSY CPV
Non-equilibrium quantum transport
RHIC
Violent departure from equilibrium
Electroweak Baryogenesis
Gentle departure from equilibrium scale
hierarchy
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SUSY CPV Quantum Transport
Chargino Mass Matrix
Neutralino Mass Matrix
Resonant CPV M1,2 m
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EDM constraints SUSY CPV
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SUSY CPV Dark Matter
Chargino Mass Matrix
Neutralino Mass Matrix
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SUSY Baryogenesis Dark Matter
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SUSY Dark Matter Solar Neutrinos
Gravitational capture in sun followed by
annihilation into high energy neutrinos
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SUSY Dark Matter Future Experiments
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SUSY Baryogenesis Colliders
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Precision Ewk Probes of New Symmetries
Unseen Forces Supersymmetry ?

1. Unification gravity
2. Weak scale stability
3. Origin of matter
4. Neutrinos

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Weak Decays GF encodes information on the
spectrum via radiative corrections
Muon Decay
Drm depends on parameters of particles inside
loops
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Comparing radiative corrections in different
processes can probe particle spectrum
Drm differs from DrZ
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Comparing radiative corrections in different
processes can probe particle spectrum
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Comparing radiative corrections in different
processes can probe particle spectrum
J. Ellison, UCI
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Weak decays light quarks
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Weak decays light quarks
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Weak decays SUSY
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SUSY Radiative Corrections
Drm
Propagator
Box
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Weak decays SUSY
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CKM Summary PDG04
UCNA
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CKM Summary New Vus tn ?
New tn !!
UCNA
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Weak decays SUSY
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Weak decays SUSY Chiral Symmetry
Chiral (c ) Rotation
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Weak decays SUSY Correlations
Chiral symmetry breaking in SUSY
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Pion leptonic decay SUSY
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Pion leptonic decay SUSY
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Lepton Scattering New Symmetries
Parity-Violating electron scattering
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Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions
Kurylov, Su, MR-M
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Probing SUSY with PV eN Interactions
Kurylov, R-M, Su
??? SUSY dark matter
??? SUSY dark matter
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Conclusions

• The fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model
  provide a successful basis for explaining the
  microphysics of the present universe, but
  additional symmetries are needed to address
  important questions about earlier times

Origin of matter, unification, size of the Fermi
constant, neutrino mass, gravity,

• High precision, low-energy studies provide a
  powerful probe of new symmetries that complement
  the view provided by colliders

EDMs, weak decays, lepton scattering, neutrino
properties interactions, lepton flavor

• This field provides a rich interplay of
  particle, nuclear, atomic physics with
  cosmology in both theory expt