Plant Reproduction

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Chapter 5

• Plant Reproduction

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• When organisms duplicate themselves, the process
  is termed reproduction.
• When production is deliberately controlled and
  manipulated, it becomes propagation.
• The reproduction of plants through the formation
  of seeds is called sexual reproduction.

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• Asexual reproduction is a vegetative process that
  eliminates genetic variation.
• Mitosis is the normal division of a cell nucleus
  that occurs as a plant grows, enlarging from
  embryo to maturity.
• In a natural world, plants reproduce both
  sexually and asexually.
• Sexual propagation utilizes seeds.

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• Scarification is the breaking of a seed coat
  otherwise impervious to water to permit water
  uptake by the embryo.
• Stratification is the exposure of the seeds to
  low temperatures.

Different methods of Scarification
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• When many plants are reproduced asexually from a
  single plant, the gourp of new plants is termed a
  clone.
• Plants of horticultural importance that are
  propagated almost totally by asexual means are
  termed clonal varieties. They are a type of
  cultivar.
• Runners are stems that grow along the ground and
  form new plants at one or more of their nodes.
• Stolons are aerial shoots that take root after
  coming into contact with the soil.

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• Certain plants produce new shoots from
  adventitious buds that develop on the toots
  called sucker shoots.
• In layering, toots develop on a stem that is
  still attached to the parent plant.
• Propagation by stem cuttings is the most common
  means of
• reproducing plants asexually.

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• A plants external appearance is also know as its
  phenotype.
• A plants genetic composition is also know as its
  genotype.
• Gregor Mendel took two strains of garden peas
  that were notably different in height and
  conducted experiments on them.

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• When the sexual reproduction process is
  controlled by the deliberate actions of human
  beings, plant breeding results and a specialized
  science, plant genetics, takes effect.
• Mutations are spontaneous changes in the genetic
  structure of a plant.

Different types of mutations
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Asexual propagation techniques

• Runners
• Stolons
• Sucker shoots
• Layering
• grafting