Class 3 Staff Materials

1
Electronics Merit Badge Class 3 Staff Manual
Name ____________________
6/22/01
2
Electronics Merit
Badge Class 1 AC Power Sources DC Power
Sources Voltage, Current and Resistance Build
Circuit with Light, Buzzer and Switch Class
2 Components - Passive and Active Ohms
Law Ohms Law Tool Kit Transistor Logic IC
Logic Class 3 Binary Logic Binary / Hex Tool
Kit LED Circuit Design Class 4 Solder
Theory Solder Practice Build LED Kit
3
Binary Number System
There are various types of number coding
systems. Decimal is the one we are most familiar
with and is based on 10 different symbols 0-9.
This is useful for humans but too complex for
computers. A simpler system was developed for
computers based on two symbols 1 and 0. 0 can
be represented by ground (or 0 volts) and 1 by
a positive voltage (like 5 volts.) This is
called the Binary system. The computer uses a
series of 1s and 0s that are grouped together
in what is called a byte consisting of eight 1s
and 0s. Each binary position has a numeric
value that doubles with each increased position.
1m 1m
4
Binary Number System
Binary is a series of 1s and 0s. Each 1 or 0
is called a bit. A computer uses a series 8
bits that is called a byte. Each bit within the
byte has a numeric value which is based on the
power of 2, such that each number is 2 times
higher than the next as noted below Decimal B
inary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 8
4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 2 0 0 1 0
2 0 2 3 0 0 1 1
2 1 3 4 0 1 0 0
_0_ _4_ _0_0__4__ 5 0 1 0 1 _0_
4 0 1 5 6 0 1 1 0 _0_
_4_ _2_0__6__ 7 0 1 1 1 _0_ 4
2 1 7 8 1 0 0 0 8 0
0 0 8 9 1 0 0 1 _8_ _0_
_0_1__9__
5m 6m
5
Binary/HEX Numbering System
Decimal Binary 128 64 32
16 8 4 2 1 16 8 4 2 1
HEX 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
00 1 0 0 0 1
1 1 01 2 0 0 1 0
2 0 2 02 3 0 0
1 1 2 1 3
03 4 0 1 0 0 _4_ 0___0__4_
04_ 5 0 1 0 1 4 0
1 5 05 6 0 1 1 0
4 2 0 6 06 7 0 1 1 1
4 2 1 7 07 8
1 0 0 0 _8_ _0__0_ _0__9_
08_ 9 1 0 0 1 8 0 0 1
9 09 10 1 0 1 0 8 0
2 0 10 0A 11 1 0 1 1 _8_
0___2_ _1_11_ 0B_ 12 1 1 0 0
8 4 0 0 12 0C 13 1 1 0
1 8 4 0 1 13
0D 14 1 1 1 0 _8_ _4__2_ __014_
0E_ 15 1 1 1 1 8 4 2
1 15 0F 16 1 0 0 0 0 160
0 0 0 16 10 17
1 0 0 0 1 160 0 0 1 17
11
5m 11m
6
Integrated Circuit Using Binary Language
Each time you press the button the output
changes. 1 to 0 then 0 to 1. The
output changes on each 1 to 0 transition. That
is why its called a Flip Flop.
Binary Flip Flop
5 VDC
1
Q
Clk
0
Press
Press
Press
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Clock
1
0
0
Q Output
1
Start
3m 14m
Time
7
Integrated Circuit Using Binary Language
4 Bit Binary Counter
5 VDC
1
0
0 0
0 0
press 0 0
0 1
press 1 0
0 1
0 press 2 0
0 1
1 press
3 0 1
0 0
press 4 0
1 0
1 press 5 0
1 1
0
press 6
3m 17m
8
Binary Tool Kit
Auto Count Mode Selection
Hex Binary/ Decimal Selection
Manual Count Increments Display
Resets Display Back to 000
Remote Power Supply 5vdc
IC 1
IC 2
IC has 2500 transistors
1m 18m
9
Binary Tool Kit Design IC consisting of 2500
Transistors
7 Segment LED Displays
Binary to 7 segment Display
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
d
e
f
a
b
c
e
f
g
g
d
g
LEDs
IC1
Clock Input
4 Bit Binary Counter (Flip Flops)
4 Bit Binary Counter (Flip Flops)
2m 20m
10
Binary Tool Kit Use Tool to find Answers
Decimal Count
0000 0 0 0001 0 1 0010 02_ 0011 03_ 0100
04_ 0101 0 5 0110 0 6 0111 0 7 1000 0 8 1001
09_ 1010 10_ 1011 11_ 1100 12_ 1101 1 3 1110
1 4 1111 1 5
IC 1
IC 2
5m 25m
11
Binary Tool Kit Use Tool to find Answers
Binary Count
AUTO
0000 0000 0 0 0000 0001 0 1 0000 0010 0 2 0000
0011 03_ 0000 0100 04_ 0000 0101 05_ 0000 0110
0 6 0000 0111 0 7 0000 1000 0 8 0000 1001
09_ 0000 1010 0A_ 0000 1011 0B_ 0000 1100 0
C 0000 1101 0 D 0000 1110 0E 0000 1111 0
F 0001 0000 1 0
BIN/DEC
INCR
RESET
Binary Counter
POWER
5m 30m
12
ELECTRONIC 4-BIT BINARY COUNTER PROJECT
Completed Kit
Kit contains a 4 Bit Binary counter driving 10
LEDs The counter is driven by a oscillator that
starts fast, then slowly comes to a stop. You
will draw the circuit schematic this period, then
next class build the kit.
1m 31m
13
Electronic 4 Bit Binary Counter Circuit
Oscillator IC MC14046 Voltage in, changes Pulse
Count out
LEDs
9 VDC
4 Bit Binary Counter IC MC14017 Count 1-10
1
2
Pulse out
C2 1uf
SW2 n.o.
3
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10
9VDC Clkin GND
9 VDC Vin Clk out Osc Osc Osc GND
SW1 Power
4
5
C1 .1uf
9 Volt Power
6
7
R1 3.9M
8
9
R2 100 K
10
Ground
1m 32m
14
Electronic 4 Bit Binary Counter Circuit
After Sw1 is closed, 9 Volts power is
supplied to all the circuit. Capacitor C2
begins to charge through Resistor R1 taking point
A from 9 Volts to 0 Volts, as shown. This
turns the VCO on at a very fast clock rate as
shown below at point B. As C2 gets closer to 0
Volts the VCO output slows down and when 0 Volts
is reached the VCO stops clocking. By pressing
SW2 the capacitor C2 is shorted out and point A
goes back to 9 Volts and the process begins
again. Use Scope to show Signal, plus audio
amplifier to hear frequency change.
4 Bit Binary Counter IC MC14017 Count 1-10
LEDs
9 VDC
1
SW2 n.o.
SW1 Power
C2 1uf
VCO
2
3
B
4
A
5
9 Volt Power
6
7
8
R1 3.9M
9
10
9 VDC
Ground
C2 Charge
C2 Charge
0 Volts
SW2 Pressed
Time
SW1 Closed
3m 35m
15
Electronic 4 Bit Binary Counter Circuit Binary to
1 of 10 Counter
VCO Pulse
Getting slower and slower
14017 Counter
(1)
(2)
(3)
0000 0001 0010 0011 0100
0101 0110
0111
1000
1001



O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10
(4)
Time
The 14017 counter converts Binary to 1 of 10
output. It contains a 4 bit binary counter that
is then converted to the 1 of 10 output. The top
signal (1) drives the counter at (2). The
output of the counter is (3), a 4 bit binary
word. This is converted to the 1 of 10 noted as
(4).
2m 37m
16
Electronic 4 Bit Binary Counter Circuit Draw the
Schematic / Connect the lines
Oscillator IC MC14046 Voltage in, changes Pulse
Count out
LEDs
9 VDC
4 Bit Binary Counter IC MC14017 Count 1-10
1
2
Pulse out
C2 1uf
SW2 n.o.
3
O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10
9VDC Clkin GND
9 VDC Vin Clk out Osc Osc Osc GND
SW1 Power
4
5
C1 .1uf
9 Volt Power
6
7
R1 3.9M
8
9
R2 100 K
10
Ground
5m 45m