Lecture 24 Microelectronics

1
Lecture 24 Microelectronics

• April 15, 2004
• (Fisher) Yumin Zhang

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Hardware in Information Age
Amplifier
Oscillator

Transistor and Passive Components
Memory
Processor
3
Part 1 MOSFET

• Metal-Oxide-SemiconductorField Effect Transistor

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Operation of MOSFET
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Complementary MOSFETs

• NMOS

• PMOS

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Integrated CMOS
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CMOS with Interconnection
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Analog Behavior Transistor

• NMOS
• Vin reduce, R increase
• Vin increase, R decrease
• PMOS
• Vin reduce, R decrease
• Vin increase, R increase

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Digital Behavior Switch

• NMOS
• Vin0, R ?, off
• Vin1, R 0, on
• PMOS
• Vin0, R 0, on
• Vin1, R ?, off

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Scaling of MOSFET

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New Device Structure (FinFET)

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Part 2 Logic Operation

• 1. NOT Gate (Inverter)
• 2. OR Gate
• 3. AND Gate
• 4. NOR Gate
• 5. NAND Gate
• 6. XOR Gate
• 7. ADDER

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Number Systems

• Radix 10 System
• 4321 4x103 3x102 2x101 1x100
• Radix 16 System
• F1A3 15x163 1x162 10x161 3x160
• Radix 2 System
• 101101 25 ( ) 23 22 ( ) 20

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Operation with Radix 2 System

• AB CS
• 0 0 00
• 1 0 01
• 0 1 01
• 1 1 10

• Carry
• C AB (AND)
• Sum
• S A ?B (XOR)
• If A B, S 0
• If A ? B, S 1

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NOT Gate (Inverter)
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Inverter Circuit
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NAND Gate
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NAND Gate Circuit
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NAND Gate Switch Circuit
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Part 3 Memory

• Access
• Sequential Access Memory
• Audio/Video Tape, Floppy/Hard Disk, CD/DVD
• Random Access Memory (RAM) DRAM/SRAM
• Protection
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
• EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
• Volatility
• Volatile Memory
• Nonvolatile Memory

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Memory Family
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Worldwide Memory Market
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1. Have or Have Not Memory

• Number 1
• Have a knot
• Number 0
• No knot

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Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM)
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DRAM Cell
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2. Positive Feedback Memory

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Bistable Circuit
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SRAM Cell
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3. Open/Short Memory
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Electrically Erasable ProgrammableRead Only
Memory (EEPROM)
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Band Structure of EEPROM
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Programming Operation
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Erase Operation
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Normal Operation
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Part 4 Amplifier

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Analog Behavior of Transistors Transistor
Trans(former) (Res)istor
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I-V Characteristic
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Transistor ? Current Source
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Simple Amplifier
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Differential Amplifier
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Part 5 Oscillator
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Wien-Bridge Oscillator
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Oscillation Waveform
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References

• Betty Lise Anderson, Richard Anderson
• Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices ISBN
  0072369779, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2004.
• Harry Veendrick
• Deep-Submicron CMOS ICS From Basics to ASICs,
  2nd Ed.
• ISBN 9044001116, Kluwer Academic, 2000.
• Yannis Tsividis
• Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor,
  2nd Ed.ISBN 0195170148, Oxford University
  Press, 2003.
• John F., F. Wakerly
• Digital Design Principles and Practices, 3rd
  Ed.
• ISBN 0130555207, Prentice Hall, 2000.
• Ashok K. Sharma
• Semiconductor Memories
• ISBN 0471462438, Wiley, John Sons, 2003.
• Adel S. Sedra, K.C. Smith
• Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Ed.ISBN
  0195142519, Oxford University Press, 2003.