Japanese Particle

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Japanese Particle

• ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??

2
?

• Passing (through) place
• Time period
• Leaving from
• Direction of action
• Object of action toward

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?-1 (Passing through place)

• ?? (Example)
• ????(??????)get over the bridge
• ?????(????????)run in the parkhttp//www.aarres
  aari.net/kuvat/walking.jpg

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?-2 (Time period)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????????(?????????????)spend summer vacation
  in Hawaiihttp//ponponponta.com/oekaki/karenda
  /kare01-03.gif

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?-3 (Leaving from)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????(????????)leaving from the port
• ??????(??????)getting off bushttp//news.kyodo.
  co.jp/kyodonews/2001/sdf/img/pix20020213-70.jpght
  tp//www.phar.toho-u.ac.jp/access/town/img/townpho
  to1-3_0.jpg

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?-4 (Direction of action)

• ?? (Example)
• ????(?????)look down
• ??????(????????)look at himhttp//nekojiro.cool
  .ne.jp/yuko/ainogekijo100.jpg

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?-5 (Object of action toward)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????(??????????)eat lunchhttp//images.go
  ogle.co.jp/imgres?imgurlwww2.odn.ne.jp/torisada-h
  onten/DSCF0030_1.jpgimgrefurlhttp//www2.odn.ne.
  jp/torisada-honten/ohirugohan.htmlh536w714sz
  81tbnidCNFnbj41hM8Jtbnh103tbnw137prev/ima
  ges3Fq3D25E32581258A25E6259825BC26start3
  D4026hl3Dja26lr3D26ie3DUTF-826oe3DUTF-826
  sa3DN

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?

• Location of existence
• Arrival location/destination
• Receiver
• Result of change/decision
• Direction of movement
• Thing from
• Time
• Ration
• Purpose

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?-1 (Location of existence)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????(?????????????)There are newspapers in
  the library.http//images.google.co.jp/imgres?im
  gurlwww.sanno-koyu.ne.jp/kigami/tandaiphoto/tosyo
  kan9.jpgimgrefurlhttp//www.sanno-koyu.ne.jp/kig
  ami/tandaiphoto/riyou_tosyokan.htmh361w482sz
  38tbnidGfhVAwsxQO0Jtbnh94tbnw125prev/imag
  es3Fq3D25E5259B25B325E6259B25B825E925A4
  25A825E32580258025E6259625B025E82581259E
  26start3D2026hl3Dja26lr3D26ie3DUTF-826oe3
  DUTF-826sa3DN

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?-2 (Arrival location/destination)

• ?? (Example)
• ???????(???????)go to Italy
• ????????????(??????????????)Please come to my
  place.http//www.tabifan.com/italia/img/flame.jp
  ghttp//www.deoir.jp/shouhin/SIL-C-007.jpg

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?-3 (Receiver)

• ?? (Example)
• ???????(???????????)give a book to younger
  sisterhttp//www1.kyoto-be.ne.jp/mourou-maizuru-
  s/syukusya/jaga.jpg

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?-4 (Result of change/decision)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(???????????)The signal turns to
  red.http//images.google.co.jp/imgres?imgurlww
  w.asahi-net.or.jp/bv7h-hsm/oosaka/singo.jpgimgre
  furlhttp//www.asahi-net.or.jp/bv7h-hsm/odekake3
  8.htmlh286w218sz11tbnidRA8rN7QpbP8Jtbnh
  108tbnw83prev/images3Fq3D25E825B525A425E
  425BF25A125E5258F25B726start3D10026hl3Dja
  26lr3D26ie3DUTF-826oe3DUTF-826sa3DNhttp//
  www.yosikawa.gr.jp/taka/3syoku/usetu.jpg

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?-5 (Direction of movement)

• ?? (Example)
• ??????(????????)heading to Osaka
• ???????(?????????)come my way
• http//www3.famille.ne.jp/k9641821/Image141.jpg
  http//salesgroup.fujitsu.com/bunkyo/fathers/t_itr
  oom/goods/no06/img/a5_05_arrow1.gif

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?-6 (Thing from)

• ?? (Example)
• ???????(?????????)get a book from Dad
• ?????(???????)ask a teacher a questionhttp//ww
  w.worldtimes.co.jp/special2/iraq/une1308.jpg

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?-7 (Time)

• ?? (Example)
• 5?????(??????)wake up at 5 a.m./p.m.http//uncl
  etell.cool.ne.jp/HOM080.JPG

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?-8 (Ratio)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????(???????)once in three days
• 50????(??????????)one out of 50
  peoplehttp//www.tera-house.ac.jp/sakuhin/webdes
  ign/01178001/img/etc/work/saikoro-shade.jpg

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?-9 (Purpose)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????(??????????????)go to the library to
  study
• http//lib01.city.soja.okayama.jp/???.jpg

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?

• Arrival location/destination
• Direction

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?-1 (Arrival location/destination)

• ?? (Example)
• ???5????(??????????)arrive at Kyoto at 5
  a.m./p.m.http//www.yumeyakata.com/photo/photo_0
  815_2.jpg

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?-2 (Direction)

• ?? (Example)
• ??????(????????)heading to Osaka
• ???????(?????????)come my way

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?

• Location
• Component/material to make something up
• Tools
• Cause/Reason
• (Time) Range
• As a group
• About

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?-1 (Location)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(?????????????)study at the library

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?-2 (Component/material to make something up)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(???????????)make an airplane out of
  paperhttp//www6.plala.or.jp/Au79/wall/cha/c02b.
  jpg

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?-3 (Tools)

• ?? (Example)
• ??????????(?????????????)make a document by
  using a computerhttp//lib01.city.soja.okayama.j
  p/????.jpg

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?-4 (Cause/Reason)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????(?????????????)Train system stops due
  to heavy snowhttp//www.railfan.ne.jp/rj/gallery
  /images/ga0045.jpg

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?-5 (Time range)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(????????????)The work was finished in a
  day.http//biz.mycom.co.jp/careerup/sp/0711/imag
  es/ill_2.gif

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?-6 (As a group)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????(?????????????)eat supper by
  myselfhttp//village.infoweb.ne.jp/fwit5203/soz
  ai/1122/sabisii.gif

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?-7 (About)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????????(???????????????????)talk/confer
  with friend about studyinghttp//www.kagakukan.p
  ref.yamanashi.jp/Kikaku/An_Gaiyo/gakusyuh14/koyomi
  .jpg

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?

• With
• Comparing/Contrasting

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?-1 (With)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????????(???????????????)I went to see a
  movie with Mr./Ms. Tanakahttp//www.urban.ne.jp/
  home/ubik/cinema/newcinema.jpg

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?-2 (Comparing/Contrasting)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(????????????)My younger brother
  resembles my older brother.http//www.petoffice.
  co.jp/takuhai/ippan/birdie/andychristina/g1bd_andy
  chri_1l.jpg

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??

• From place/time/person
• Made of/from
• Change from
• Guess from
• Cause/Reason

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??-1 (From place/time/person)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(???????????)walk from home to the
  station
• ????????(????????????)work from morning to late
  evening
• ?????????????(????????????????)I heard the story
  from Mr./Ms. Tanaka. http//www.beppu-med.or.jp/
  nped/asobo/baby.jpghttp//www.iwate-np.co.jp/cabi
  net/cabinet2003/200307/c200307283.jpg

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??-2 (Made of/from)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????????(??????????????)Wine is made from
  grapes.http//www.asahibeer.co.jp/wine/campaign
  /image/200309_pic01.jpghttp//www.asahibeer.co.jp
  /wine/special/image/200309_pic03.jpg

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??-3 (Change from)

• ?? (Example)
• ???????????(???????????????)The signal turns
  from red to green. http//educa.miki.ed.jp/esqua
  re2/jidouweb/singounakamai.files/singounakamai_img
  7.jpg

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??-4 (Guess from)

• ?? (Example)
• ?????????????????(??????????????????????)Accordin
  g to weather forecast, tomorrow will be clear.
  http//tuf.co.jp/weather/weatimage/???????.jpg

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??-5 (Cause/Reason)

• ?? (Example)
• ???????????????(??????????????????)Because it is
  hot, I will drink something cold.http//dra-gon.
  hp.infoseek.co.jp/image-pasoe/zansho2000-075-01.jp
  ghttp//www.tenmonkan.com/jouhou/315/keihan2b.jpg

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?? / ??

• ??
• Comparison/More than
• ??
• Arrival point/place/time

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?? (Comparison/More than)

• ?? (Example)
• ???????????(??????????????)I am taller than
  you.http//images.google.co.jp/imgres?imgurlww
  w.ne.jp/asahi/hana/monogatari/2002/24/image24-5.jp
  gimgrefurlhttp//www.ne.jp/asahi/hana/monogatari
  /2002/24/No.5.htmh480w640sz53tbnidnO1h5FqH
  atEJtbnh101tbnw134prev/images3Fq3D25E82
  583258C25E625AF259425E3258125B926hl3Dja2
  6lr3D26ie3DUTF-826oe3DUTF-8

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?? (Arrival point/place/time)

• ?? (Example)
• ????????(???????????)walk from home to the
  station
• ????????(????????????)work from morning to late
  eveninghttp//namatamago.com/image/illustration
  /sunandmoon.jpg

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For Teachers Students

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