The Wars of

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The Wars of RELIGION
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THE 30 YEARS WAR
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• Protestant Union and Catholic League in Germany
• Both created because people didnt adhere to the
  Peace of Augsburg which didnt include
  Calvinists
• Ferdinand of Syria (King of Bohemia) Bohemia
  consisted of Czechs and Germans, Lutherans and
  Calvinists, Catholics and Hugeunots all
  experienced religious freedom Ferdinand however
  shut down Protestant Churches
• May 23, 1618 The Defenestration of Prague
  Protestants hurled 2 of Ferdinands officials
  from a castle window in Prague

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The Defenestration of Prague
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• PHASE 1 Bohemian Phase
• Civil War Catholic League v. Protestant Union
• Wanted liberty and independence from Hapsburg
  rule
• PHASE 2 Danish Phase
• Catholic leader was more interested in his own
  gain than in aiding the Catholic cause dividing
  Catholic Forces and Making Religion a back issue
  in the war

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POLITICAL PHASES
RELIGIOUS PHASES
1629 Edict of Restitution All Catholic
properties lost to Protestants since 1552 were to
be restored. Only Catholics and Lutherans could
practice (Not Calvinists)
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• PHASE 3 Swedish Phase
• Gustavus Adolphus along with Denmark, Poland,
  Finland and smaller Baltic states, entered the
  war on the side of the Protestants
• Ended the Hapsburg ambition of uniting all German
  States (Louis XIII subsidized Sweden)
• PHASE 4 Franco-Swedish Phase
• France joined on the Protestant side of the war
  against the Hapsburgs

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• 1648 PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
• Recognized sovereign independent authority of
  German Princes 300 Principalities No ONE
  central government
• Holy Roman Empire was destroyed
• United Provinces of the Netherlands received its
  independence

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• Denied Papacy the right to intervene in German
  religious affairs
• Reduced role of church in European politics
• Peach of Augsburg was re-affirmed and included
  Calvinism
• This settled little
• N. Germany Protestant
• S. Germany Catholic

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• War was a disaster for the German Economy
• Agricultural loss land was destroyed
• Population decline
• Inflation created a new serfdom

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THE SPANISH ARMADA
1588
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• PHILIP II
• Expand Spanish Influence Across the Globe
• Strengthen the Catholic Church
• Strengthen Inquisition
• Supported Catholic Reformation
• Wanted his power to be ABSOLUTE

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Queen Elizabeth I
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• Religious Intolerance
• Protestants who didnt convert were expelled
• Revolt in the Netherlands - Philip battled
  Protestant Rebels in the Netherlands
• Strengthened the Inquisition
• Protestant Queen Elizabeth became Philips 1
  Enemy

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Spain 130 Vessels 123,790 Cannonballs 30,000 Men
England 150 ships They were smaller, faster,
and more maneuverable
May 9, 1588 The Most Fortunate Fleet the
storm, squalls, spoiled food, rank water,
inadequate Spanish ammunition, and the Spanish
ships when down on the Journey Home
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It is well known that we fight in Gods cause.
So, when we meet the English, God will surely
arrange matters so threat we can grapple and
board them, either by sending some strange freak
of weather or, more likely, just be depriving the
English of their wits. If we can come to close
quarters Spanish valor and Spanish steel will
make our victory certain.
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• Spain rebuilt its navy quality improved after
  1588
• War between England and Spain continued for years
• Prevented Phillip II from unifying with Europe
• 1609 Phillip III signed a truce and the
  Netherlands officially received its independence
• Spirit of defeatism in Spain
• Enhanced English National Sentiment