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ETHICS

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ETHICS. DEFINED: The study and philosophy of human conduct with emphasis on the ... Hedonism as a value theory says ONLY PLEASURE IS GOOD AS AN END. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ETHICS


1
ETHICS
  • DEFINED The study and philosophy of human
    conduct with emphasis on the determination of
    right and wrong.

Normative Ethics
Descriptive Ethics
Metaethics
2
  • Normative Ethics often called philosophical
    ethics search for norms, not in the sense of
    what is average, but in the sense of
    authoritative standards of what it ought to be.
  • Descriptive Ethics empirically based, aims to
    discover and describe the moral beliefs of a
    specific culture.
  • Metaethics the study of the discipline of
    ethics. It attempts to determine meanings of
    normative terms, e.g. right, wrong, good, bad,
    ought, etc.

3
Normative Ethics Major Theories
  • Consequentialist (Teleological)
  • Maintains the morality of an action is
    determined by its consequences.
  • Teleological theories interpret moral
    judgements as dependent on values and evaluation,
    hinging on value theory. Hedonism as a value
    theory says ONLY PLEASURE IS GOOD AS AN END.

4
  • Utilitarianism is hedonistic because it
    interprets happiness as a balance of pleasure
    over pain. John S. Mill
  • Ideal (Social) Utilitarianism is nonhedonistic,
    maintaining that one ought to do that act of all
    acts available (under the circumstances) that
    would produce the most good. G.E. Moore

5
  • Self-Realization (Perfectionism) is also
    nonhedonistic, holding that the ultimate end is
    the full development or perfection of the self.
  • Egoism is based on the idea that everyone always
    acts out of self-interest, i.e. an action is only
    right if its in the best interest of the person.
  • Situationism claims that morality of an action
    depends on the situation, not on application of
    law to the case.

6
Nonconsequentialist (Deontological)
  • Deontological theories claim that the morality of
    an action depends on its intrinsic nature, on its
    motives, or on its being in accord with some rule
    or principle.
  • Theological (divine command) theory maintains
    that its the will of god that determines
    rightness/wrongness an action. Is it in accord
    with the will of God? St. Augustine

7
  • Categorical Imperative For morally right action,
    one must be willing to have everyone act in the
    same way, i.e. qualify as a universal law.
    Immanuel Kant Additionally, ones actions can
    only have moral worth if ones motive for acting
    was to do what is right. (no accidental moral
    worth allowed)

8
Metaethics
  • Principle approaches in metaethics are
    Naturalism, Cognitivism, Intuitionism, and
    Subjectivism
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