You Have Captured the CO2, Now What

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You Have Captured the CO2, Now What?

• Bill Shefchik
• Senior Associate Geologist,
• Burns McDonnell

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If you have to get rid of CO2, what do you do
with it?

• Biological
• Deep Ocean Injection
• Geological Reservoirs

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Geological Reservoirs

• It all came out of the earth

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Geological Reservoirs

• It all came out of the earth
• Put it back into the earth

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Geological Reservoirs

• Depleted Oil Gas Fields
• Collapsed Coal Mines
• Un-Minable Coal Beds
• Reservoir Rocks
• Pore space in granular rock
• Fractures

benefit
No boost
But they are widespread
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Geological Reservoirs

• Depleted Oil Gas Fields
• CO2 flood
• Drives attenuated gas
• Extensive Infrastructure in Place
• Proven Traps
• Coal Beds
• Enhanced Methane Recovery
• CO2 displaces methane
• Substantial adsorption

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Geological Reservoirs

• Reservoir Rocks
• Huge volumes
• Widespread

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Anticline Pavlovs Bell for Oil Field Geologist
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Typical Anticline Oil Trap
Shale
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Oil Sand Core
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Typical Anticline Oil Trap
Shale
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ShaleCore
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Typical Anticline Trap
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(No Transcript)
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Sandstone Core
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Typical Stratigraphic Traps
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Salt Dome Traps
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Salt Core3,300 ft. DeepMacIntosh Salt Dome,
Alabama Electric Cooperative CAES Plant
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MacIntosh, Alabama
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CAES Injection Wellhead
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CO2 Injection Wellhead
U Texas Test Well 500 T 5,000 ft. TD Transported
as a liquid (-70 F) Injected as a gas (70F) Oil
well technology
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Volume Issues
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Serious Volume Issues

• 2 x 750 MW Reference Plant
• Supercritical Pulverized Coal
• Annual CO2 Output 10 Million Tons
• Assume 300-Foot Thick Sandstone Stratum at 4,000
  Ft. TD

10 Year Output 177 Mi2 (13 X 13)
50 Year Output 885 Mi2 (30 X 30)
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Serious Volume Issues

• 2 x 750 MW Reference Plant
• Supercritical Pulverized Coal
• Annual CO2 Output 10 Million Tons
• Assume 300-Foot Thick Sandstone Stratum at 4,000
  Ft. TD

200 Year Output 3,450 Mi2 (59 X 59)
Equivalent to a Class 18 Oil Field (16,000
Million BOE )
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West Texas Oil Fields
New Mexico
Texas
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Major Gas Storage Fields
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Coal
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Serious Volume Issues

• 2 x 750 MW Reference Plant
• Supercritical Pulverized Coal
• Annual CO2 Output 10 Million Tons
• Assume 30-Foot Thick Coal Seam

10 Year Output 48 Mi2 (7 X 7)
50 Year Output 241 Mi2 (15 X 15)
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Volume Issues Mitigating Factors

• Oil Gas Need Source, Reservoir, and Trap
• CO2 Needs only Reservoir Trap

• Mineralogical Changes due to CO2
• May Enhance Reservoir Permeability
• Trap Rock Permeability likely unaffected
• CO2 may be adsorbed into mineral structure

• Greater Depth Smaller Bubble

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Sequestration Timeline
Enhanced Oil Recovery
30-40
Revenue
Enhanced Coal Bed Methane
/Ton CO2
0
2010
Today
2030
2020
2040
2050
Depleted Oil and Gas Fields
Cost
Greenfield Geological
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Geological Reservoirs

• The early bird gets the worm.

The early worm gets eaten by the bird.
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The Path Forward
Capture EOR Sequester Biomass Co-Burn
Retrofit Advanced Nuclear
Wind Demand Side Management Supply-Side Efficiency
Solar Capture Geological Sequester Next
Generation Nuclear
Today
2030
2020
2040
2050
2010