Geographical Information System GIS By: Yahia Dahash

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Geographical Information SystemGISBy Yahia
Dahash
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Definition

• GIS is a computer system which has the ability
  to use data functions that describe a location on
  the Earths surface
• GIS is a system using and handling the
  geodatabase to get the same information but more
  beneficial and flexible
• GIS work is summarized by capture, display,
  query, analyze, store and output of geodatabase
  and descriptive data

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What are the questions that GIS can answer

• What is there at a specific location? (location
  name coordinate)
• What are the conditions in this location? (what
  is the distance where it exists)
• What has changed over time? (spatial time)
• What are the existing spatial patterns? What is
  the cause for extension of limited phenomenon?
  (drought salty)
• What are the decisions for problem solution in
  the location and what the effects on the
  neighborhood and environment

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GIS composition
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Components of geographic data

• Geometry A location of geographic features on
  the earths surface
• Attributes Descriptive information about
  features
• Behavior Special behavior for each features
• Capturing data
• Hardcopy maps
• Digital data
• Coordinates
• GPS
• Dealing with geodatabase
• Points For example, water well city - exchange
  electricity center
• Lines For example, roads rivers - water
  canales
• Polygon For example, region area - lakes -
  boundary

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GIS functions

• Display
• Maps
• Graphs
• Reports
• Output
• Paper map
• Internet
• Image
• Document
• Store
• Vector formats Discrete representations of
  reality
• Raster formats Use square cells to model
  reality
• Query
• Identify specific features
• Identify features based on conditions

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What is Arc GIS Desktop?

• Arc GIS Desktop includes a suite of integrated
  applications
• Arc Map
• Arc Catalog
• Arc Toolbox
• Using these three applications together, you can
  perform any GIS task, simple to advanced,
  including mapping, data management, geographic
  analysis, data editing, and geoprocessing

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Arc Catalog

• The Arc Catalog application helps you organize
  and manage all of your GIS data.
• It includes tools for browsing and finding
  geographic information, recording, viewing, and
  managing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset,
  and defining the schema structure for your
  geographic data layers.

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Arc Map

• Arc Map is the central application in Arc GIS
  Desktop.
• It is the GIS application used for all map-based
  tasks including cartography, map analysis, and
  editing.
• In this application, you are work with maps.
• Maps have a page layout containing a geographic
  window, called a data frame, with a series of
  layers, legends, scale bars, North arrows, and
  other elements.
• Arc Map offers different ways to view a map. a
  geographic data view and a layout view. in which
  you can perform a broad range of advanced GIS
  tasks.

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Arc Toolbox

• Arc Toolbox is a simple application containing
  many GIS tools used for geoprocessing.
• There are two versions of Arc Toolbox
• The complete Arc Toolbox that comes with Arc
  Info.
• A version that comes with Arc View and Arc
  Editor.
• Note Arc Map, Arc Catalog, and Arc Toolbox are
  designed to work together to perform all GIS
  tasks.
• For example, you can search for and find a map
  document in Arc Catalog, then double-click it to
  open it inside Arc Map. You can then edit and
  enhance your data through the tools available in
  the Arc Map editing environment.
• Once you have created new geographic information
  using these three applications, you can record
  metadata for the resulting datasets using Arc
  Catalog.

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What can I do to produce a digital map?
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What is the information I want to present in a
digital map?
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How can we show 2004-data of olive production in
a digital map?
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• THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION