Educational Psychology 302 Session 4 Social, Moral Development Intelligences

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Educational Psychology 302 Session 4Social,
Moral DevelopmentIntelligences
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Self-Concept Beliefs a student has about
themselves
Cognitive
Social
Physical
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Influences on Self-Concept

• Students prior behaviors and performances
• Behavior of others toward them
• ___________ others hold for their performance

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Personality Development in Adolescence

• Erikson Identity vs. Role Confusion
• Drop in self-esteem
• Changes resulting from puberty
• Changes in school environment
• ___________ audience
• _________ fable

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Marcias Four States of Identity In Adolescence

• Identity Diffusion
• No clear-cut sense of identity
• Little or no commitment to beliefs
• No decision regarding future occupations
• General lack of direction and few long-term goals
• Low self-esteem

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Marcias Four States of Identity In Adolescence
(cont.)

• Foreclosure
• Definite decisions made regarding occupation and
  beliefs
• Decisions that reflect someone elses choices
• Low self esteem

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Marcias Four States of Identity In Adolescence
(cont.)

• Moratorium
• Undergoing and identity crisis
• Actively exploring different careers and beliefs
• Wrestling with own sense of identity
• Working toward making commitments related to
  career and beliefs

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Marcias Four States of Identity In Adolescence
(cont.)

• Identity Achievement
• Strong commitment to self-chosen career and
  beliefs
• Good sense of own strengths and weaknesses
• Strong sense of direction
• Self-confidence

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What can Teachers do to Facilitate Pro-Social
Behavior?

• Model appropriate social skills
• Praise positive social skills
• Describe students in positive terms
• Teach problem solving strategies
• Plan cooperative activities
• Adopt authoritative approach

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Cooperation vs. Competition
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Elements of Moral Behavior

• Shame
• Guilt
• Empathy

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Moral Dilemmas in Social Studies . . .
Should a country admit immigrants who are
fugitives from an oppressive nation, knowing that
it may have to provide food housing, and
education for those immigrants?
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Moral Dilemmas in Social Studies . . . Did
the legislature of the United States of America
have the right to break peace treaties with the
American Indians in the interest of westward
expansion, commerce, or other?
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Moral Dilemmas in Social Studies During the
Civil War would it have been more appropriate for
an individual to obey, or to disobey, the
fugitive slave act forbidding people to hide
away slaves?
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Moral Reasoning

• Education a factor in moral development?
• Gender differences in moral development?
• Law Defying Cases
• Waco, TX
• Ruby Ridge, ID
• Assisted Suicide

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Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

• Preconventional Morality
• Conventional Morality
• Postconventional Morality

• Punishment-AvoidanceExchange of Favors
• Good Boy/GirlLaw and Order
• Social ContractUniversal Ethical Principle

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Level of moral reasoning . . . ?

• I pledge allegiance to the to the flag of the
  United State of America, and to the republic for
  which it stands, one nation, under God,
  indivisibly, with liberty and justice for all.

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To Promote Moral Development . . .

• Create disequilibrium
• Maintain an ___________ environment
• Focus students attention on the hurt and
  distress their actions cause others

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Characteristics of Intelligence

• It is adaptive/dynamic
• Related to learning ability
• Involves the use prior knowledge
• Involves many different mental processes
• May present itself in a variety of contexts
• Is culture-specific

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Perspectives on Intelligence

• G Factor
• Multiple ___________ (Gardner)
• Triarchic Theory (Sternberg)
• Context
• Experiences
• Cognitive Processes
• Distributed Intelligence

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Diversity in the Classroom

• Ethnic differences
• Gender differences
• Socio-economic differences
• . . . . At-Risk

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Supporting At-Risk Students

• Identify early
• Anchor learning in experiences student can relate
  to
• Hold high expectations for success (incremental
  successes)
• Provide extra support
• Locus of control of success
• Build an identification with school