Science of Hadith

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Science of Hadith

• Introduction

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• Muslims are agreed that the sunnah of the Prophet
  Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is the second of the
  two revealed fundamental sources of Islam.
• During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (peace be
  upon him) and after his death , his companions
  used to refer to him directly, when quoting his
  sayings.

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• The next generation to Tabieen (successors) used
  to follow their steps and quote the Prophet
  (peace be upon him ) directly, while others would
  still mention the link. ( he is usually a Sahabi
  or senior Tabiee)
• After the fitnah (civil war) happened , some
  sects appeared within the Muslim nation.

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• Various groups supported their views by
  fabricating some ahadeeth.
• The need for verification of each Hadith arose.
• Imam Malik (d.179) said The first one to
  utilize the Isnad/sanad was Ibn Shihab Alzuhri
  (d.124)

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• A hadith is composed of two parts the matn
  (text) and the isnad/ sanad ( chain of reporters)
• A text may seem to be logical and reasonable but
  needs an authentic isnad with reliable reporters
  to be acceptable.

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• Imam Abdullah ibn Al-Mubarak (d.181).H said The
  isnad is part of the religion, had it not been
  for the isnad, whoever wished to, would have
  said what ever he likes.

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• Ibn Sireen (d.110) said They would not ask
  about the isnad, but when the fitnah happened
  they said Name to us your men. So the narrations
  of Ahla-alsunnah would be accepted, while those
  of Ahl-albidah would not be accepted.

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• A brief history of Mustalah al-Hadith

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• As time passed, more reporters were involved in
  each isnad / sanad.
• The situation demanded strict discipline in the
  acceptance of Ahadith.
• The set of rules governing this area of knowledge
  is called Mustalah al-Hadith.

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• Among the early writing about these rules, the
  work of Al-Imam Ashafie (d.204) in his book
  called Al-Risalah, Imam Muslim (d.261) in his
  introduction to his sahih and the notes found in
  Jami Atthirmithi (d.279)

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• The first work that was comprehensive and purely
  dedicated to the rules of Mustalah Al-Hadith is
  what was written by Al-Ramahurmuzi (d.360)
• ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????

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• The next major contribution was Marifat Ulum
  Al-hadeeth by Al-Hakim (d.405) H. He covered
  fifty classifications of Hadith, but still he
  left some points untouched.
• Abu Nuaim Al-asbahani (d.430) completed some of
  the missing work.

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• Then came Al-Khateeb Al-Baghdadi (d.463) with his
  work Al-Kifayah fi ilm Al-Riwayah.(??????? ?? ???
  ???????)
• and his 2nd work (Al-Jami Li-Akhlaaq Al-raawy
  wa Adab Al-sami)
• ( ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????)

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• Then came Al-Qadi Iyad (d.544) with his work
• (??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????)
• Al-lma Fi thabth Al-riwayah wa Kawaneen
  Al-sama

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• Then came Ibn salaah (d.643) with his famous
  work ???? ??????
• the science of Hadith commonly known as
  Muqadimah Ibn al-salah, it contained series of
  lessons taught by Ibn Alsalah in Al-Ashrafiyah
  School in Damascus.

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• Imam Al-nawawi (d.774) summarized Al-muqqadimah
  in a book called Al-Irshad, and then he
  summarized Al-Irshad in his book
  Al-taqrib(???????)
• Al-Imam As-suyouti wrote a commentary on
  Al-taqrib and called it Tadrib al-Rawy

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Classification of HadithAccording to the
reference to a particular authority