Surveillance in Kenya: SOAR in AME

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Surveillance in Kenya SOAR in AME

• Jörg Sievers, D.Phil
• Africa / Middle East
• Clinical Development Medical Affairs
• 17 November 2003, Nairobi

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SOAR in AME
Survey Of Antibiotic Resistance in Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in Africa
Middle East Region
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SOAR in AME

• Objective to evaluate, record and analyse the
  comparative activity of a range of antibiotics
  against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae
• 1091 H. influenzae and 1154 S. pneumoniae
  isolates collected and tested
• Susceptibility testing using Etest (penicillin,
  ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, cefaclor, cefuroxime,
  cefprozil, azithromycin, clarithromycin and
  others)

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S. pneumoniae penicillin resistance
Turkey
24 1
Kuwait
66 0
Lebanon
59 9
Jordan
47 0
Pakistan
Tunisia
11 0
32 18
UAE
71 6
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
38 13
94 0
Kenya
45 3
South Africa
30 2
Penicillin-intermediate (MIC 0.12 1
µg/ml) Penicillin-resistant (MIC ? 2 µg/ml)
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SOAR in AME - Kenya
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SOAR in AME - Area
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H. influenzae b-lactamase production
Turkey
5
Kuwait
26
Jordan
34
Pakistan
Tunisia
3
18
UAE
10
Saudi Arabia
25
Kenya
67
South Africa
7
8
SOAR in AME - Kenya
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SOAR in AME - Area
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Conclusions

• gt 95 of Kenyan S. pneumoniae isolates were
  susceptible to co-amoxiclav and cefuroxime
  (NCCLS, PK/PD).
• 45 of Kenyan S. pneumoniae isolates were
  penicillin-intermediate and 3 were
  penicillin-resistant.
• S. pneumoniae resistance to azithromycin,
  clarithromycin and co-trimoxazole appears to be
  increasing in Kenya.
• All (9/9) Kenyan H. influenzae isolates were
  susceptible to co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime and
  ciprofloxacin.
• The prevalence of b-lactamase-positive H.
  influenzae was high in Kenya (6/9).