Do Now

1
Do Now

• Review What factors led many people and
  societies to embrace Islam?
• What empires were weak?
• How did they treat people of other faiths?
• How did they feel about knowledge?
• What were the peoples other options for rulers?
  Were they popular?

2
Muslim Expansion
http//www.morainevalley.edu/ctl/MiddleEast/images
/Map_Early20Islamic20Expansion.jpg
3
Extra Credit Opportunity

• Final one for the six weeks.
• Write a 2 page minimum review of a current
  conflict involving the Sunni-Shia split.
• Must use at least 2 resources (MLA citation).
• Worth 15 points. (Due on Wednesday)

4
The Rightly Guided Caliphs

• After Muhammad, 1st Arab Empire begins with the
  Rightly Guided Caliphs
• Caliph successor to prophet
• 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs all serve for life and
  rule from Medina
• Spread Islam to India, Egypt, North Africa, Syria
  and Palestine.

5
The Umayyad Caliphs

• Replace Rightly Guided Caliphs.
• Move capital from Medina to Damascus
• Make caliphs hereditary
• Make Arabic official language of empire
• Created postal routes, mosques, 1st Arabic money,
  and encouraged the arts.

http//www.uah.edu/msa/pics/baitrahm.jpg
6
Europe Holds off Islam

• Moors Muslim Arabs from N. Africa intermarried
  with local Berbers.
• Moors conquer Spain in AD 710.
• Try to take over France.
• Battle of Tours AD 732 Franks (the French), led
  by Charles the Hammer Martel, defeat Muslim
  forces and stop Islamic expansion. (Yes, the
  French won a battle!)

7
The Battle of Tours
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thum
b/7/78/Carlosmartelempoitiers.JPEG/300px-Carlosmar
telempoitiers.JPEG
Charles The Hammer Martel
http//pages.infinit.net/pascars/graal/Charles1.JP
G
http//www.tfdutch.com/tours.jpg
8
The Umayyads v. Abbasids

• AD 750 War breaks out between the groups.
• Abbasids take control
• 1st Hundred years in power known as Golden Age.
• Move capital to Baghdad
• Arabic remains official language.

9
More About the Golden Age

• Abbasids worked to make Baghdad major trading
  center.
• Leads to new ideas from India like number system
  Arabic numerals
• Slavery always present, but NOT based on race.
• Persians eventually take over for Abbasids.

10
Collapse of the Empire

• Empire falls due to divisions within the
  religion.
• Disagreed on who should rule Muslims
• Shiites believed caliph could only come from
  descendant of Muhammad
• Sunni followed any legitimate caliph
• Division still exists today

11
Sunni vs. Shia Islam
12
Reflection

• How do you think the split of Islam will impact
  Muslims today?

13
Contributions of Islam

• Mosaics
• Concept of Zero Arabic Numerals
• Arabic alphabet
• Universities
• Studied connection of geography and climate
• Algebra and medicine
• Architecture Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

14
Dome of the Rock - Jerusalem