Current TotalitarianAuthoritarian Leaders

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Current Totalitarian/Authoritarian Leaders

• I. Pol Pot-Cambodia
• A. Brief History since 1950
• 1. Cambodia was ruled by the French during the
  1950s.
• 2. Vietnam War- Cambodia was directly
  influenced by the Vietnam War. North Vietnamese
  soldiers would use the jungles of Cambodia to
  launch raids into South Vietnam through the Ho
  Chi Minh Trail.

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• 3. On April 29th, 1970 the U.S. bombed Vietcong
  positions in Cambodia which were followed by U.S.
  troops.
• 4. Lon Nol- This man was backed by the U.S. and
  ruled from 1970-1975. Many Cambodians hated his
  regime/government because it had become corrupt.
  Cambodians then started supporting the Communist
  rebels known as the Khmer Rouge.

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• 5. In 1975, Pol Pot enters the capital of Phnom
  Penh. Pol Pot immediately seizes power and
  orders everyone out of the city.

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• B. Methods of Control
• 1. Separating Families- Pol Pot would send family
  members to various regions of Cambodia. Anka
  or the government was to be their family.
• 2.Arranged Marriages-The Khmer Rouge would decide
  who you would marry.
• 3. Anti-Western Propaganda- Anything from the
  U.S. or Europe was evil. T.V.s, refrigerators,
  even glasses were banned.

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• 4. Torture-Pol Pot would torture individuals in
  order to put fear into his people.
• 5. Starting from year zero- Pol Pot wanted to
  start from the scratch so anyone that was an
  adult was at risk of being executed by the youth
  who were not corrupted yet.

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• C. Cambodia after Pol Pot
• 1. In 1979, the Vietnamese invade Cambodia and
  defeat the Khmer Rouge.
• 2. In 1991, Vietnam relinquished control and
  Cambodia held elections under a United Nations
  mandate.
• 3. On April 15th, 1998 Pol Pot died and brought
  a virtual end to the Khmer Rouge.
• 4. Hun Sen, a former Khmer Rouge soldier is now
  the president.

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• D. Effects
• 1. Between 1.5 to 2 million Cambodians were
  killed.
• 2. A massive wave of Cambodian immigrants come
  to the U.S.
• 3. Cambodia lacks an educated society. Pol Pot
  killed anyone who was educated or appeared to be
  Western.

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• 4. Cambodia is now one of the poorest countries
  in the world
• 5. Cambodia is littered with land mines and maim
  hundreds of people every day.

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• II. Saddam Hussein-Iraq
• A. Early Life
• 1. Orphaned as a child and then was physically
  abused as a child.
• 2. Shot a man at the age of 10 years old.
• 3. Idolized his uncle who encouraged him to join
  the radical Baath Party.
• 4. Fled to Egypt after a failed assassination
  attempt of General Kassem.

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• B. Saddam in Power
• 1. In 1979, Saddam comes to power after he
  forces Abu Bakr (The Iraqi president at the time)
  to relinquish power.
• 2. In 1980, Saddam attacks Iran and leads Iraq
  to a mutual slaughter. 500,000 Iraqi soldiers
  die.
• 3. In 1988, Iraq and Iran agree to a seize fire.
  Iraq is left bankrupt.

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• 4. In 1990, Saddam invades Kuwait.
• a. George Bush rallies the U.S. and other
  foreign governments to defeat Saddam in the
  Persian Gulf War.
• Over 20,000 animals are destroyed after Saddam
  set fire to Kuwaits oil fields
• Iraq loses approximately 100,000 soldiers.

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• C. Methods of Control
• 1. Show Trials-Saddam is notorious for executing
  people in public.
• 2. Persecution of ethnic groups- In order to
  suppress the Kurds in Northern Iraq and the
  Shiites in Southern Iraq, Saddam has used
  chemical weapons on his own people.
• 3. Censorship/Propaganda-
• Saddam controls all forms of media T.V.,radio,
  film, newspapers, etc.

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