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Robinson Crusoe

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Robinson Crusoe. Materialism and Spiritualism; Faith and Reason. Def. of Viz. ... Materialism v. Spiritualism ... incompatible with spiritualism (the belief in ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Robinson Crusoe


1
Robinson Crusoe
  • Materialism and Spiritualism Faith and Reason

2
Def. of Viz. (courtesy of Wikipedia)
  • Viz. (also rendered viz without a period) and
    videlicet are adverbs used as synonyms of
    namely, that is to say, as follows.
  • Viz. is an abbreviation of videlicet, which is
    Latin for it is permitted to see. Both forms
    introduce a specification or description of
    something stated earlier this is often a list
    preceded by a colon (). Although both forms
    survive in English, viz. is far more common than
    videlicet.

3
Materialism
  • The philosophy of materialism holds that the
    only thing that can be truly proven to exist is
    matter, and is considered a form of physicalism.
    Fundamentally, all things are composed of
    material and all phenomena (including
    consciousness) are the result of material
    interactions therefore, matter is the only
    substance

4
Inductive v. Deductive Reasoning
  • Materialism marks a shift in scientific and
    philosophical thought from inductive to deductive
    reasoning
  • Inductive reasoning works from general
    principles to the more specific
  • Deductive reasoning moves from specific
    observations to broader generalizations and
    theories

5
Francis Bacon, 1561-1626
  • "Men have sought to make a world from their own
    conception and to draw from their own minds all
    the material which they employed, but if, instead
    of doing so, they had consulted experience and
    observation, they would have the facts and not
    opinions to reason about, and might have
    ultimately arrived at the knowledge of the laws
    which govern the material world."

6
Bacon, contd
  • Bacon is the forerunner of the scientific
    revolution in the 17th century. This
    intellectual watershed resulted in inventions and
    the creation of new fields of knowledge?telescope/
    microscope, anatomy, cartography
  • Such sciences and instruments open up a gap
    between perceiver and perceived. How do we know
    what we know?

7
Materialism v. Spiritualism
  • Do you think that materialism is incompatible
    with spiritualism (the belief in a higher power.)
  • Where in Robinson Crusoe do you see deductive
    reasoning (the scientific method) at work?

8
  • In the 18th c., materialism and rational
    thinking are not thought of as antithetical to
    religion but tools to strengthen faith in God.
  • One method of using induction to strengthen ones
    faith was the spiritual autobiography.

9
Spiritual Autobiography
  • a non-fictional form which rose to prominence
    in seventeenth-century England, although its
    roots can be traced as far back as such works of
    the early Christian tradition as St. Augustines
    Confessions. The forms basic concern is to trace
    the progress of an individual believer from a
    state of sin to a state of grace, where the
    conviction takes hold that salvation has been
    guaranteed by God.

10
  • Enlightenment is man's emergence from his
    self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the
    inability to use one's understanding without
    guidance from another. This immaturity is
    self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of
    understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage
    to use it without guidance from another. Sapere
    Aude! dare to know "Have courage to use your
    own understanding!"--that is the motto of
    enlightenment.
  • --Immanuel Kant, 1784
  • Knowledge is power
  • --Francis Bacon
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