MODULE 1 REVIEW

1
MODULE 1 REVIEW

• The French Empire in America

2
Algonquian VS Iroquoian

• Canadian Shield (vast, rocky, poor soil, cold)
• nomadic, patriarchy
• family, band, tribe, nation
• hunting/fishing/gathering
• wigwams (tents)

• St. Lawrence Lowlands (flat, good soil, close to
  water, limited area)
• sedentary, matriarchy
• family, clans, village, nation, confederacy
• farming/fishing
• longhouses, art, wampum

3
First European Explorers 1492-1576 Portugal,
Spain, France, England

• Motives
• Political (Kings)
• power, riches, colonies
• Economic (merchants)
• riches, profit,
• spices, silks, gold, silver
• Religious (Church)
• send missionaries to convert natives
• Other (captains, crew)
• fame, fortune, or just a job

• Why go WEST????
• land route to Far East blocked by Ottoman Turks
  who take Constantinople in 1450
• no more silk, spices, gold, silver
• technologic inventions such as compass,
  astrolabe, caravel (ship) make ocean exploration
  possible

4
JACQUES CARTIER 1534-1542

• GOALS
• Route EAST
• Riches!!!
• Claim land for France
• FAILURE
• Canada too cold, no riches, no way
• East so France abandons it for 70
• yrs.

• ACCOMPLISHED
• 3 trips to New France
• names St. Lawrence River
• sails to Hochelaga (Montreal)
• survives winter with help from Natives
• argues with Roberval, and his settlement fails
• YES claims land for France
• NO route East, NO riches
• NO settlement,

5
FISH TO FUR

• Grand Banks off coast of Newfoundland used by
  English and French to catch cod (food and oil)
  and whale (oil)
• fishermen drying cod in Newfoundland trade metal
  goods for Native furs
• beaver pelt in high demand for (felt) hats in
  Europe
• now the fur trade starts

6
CHAMPLAIN 1608-1635 Father of New France

• GOALS
• create permanent colony
• provide furs for monopoly
• expand claim of France
• map new areas
• he successfully explored Richelieu R, Lake
  Champlain, Ottawa R, Lake Ontario

• Port-Royale (N.S.)
• first permanent colony
• purpose to provide furs
• failed due to lack of furs
• Stadacona (Quebec City)
• success as a colony
• purpose to provide furs
• good location

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Fur Colony VS Settlement

• TRADING COLONY
• to exploit one resource (fur) mercantilism
• limited economy
• to enrich the mother country
• small, mostly men
• chartered company given monopoly
• low investment cost, king gives charter,
  merchants take on the rest of the expenses

• SETTLEMENT
• diverse (varied) economy
• re-create the mother country in new area (like a
  village)
• permanent, varied population of families,
  priests, farmers, soldiers
• governed by administrators responsible to the
  King
• high investment cost of king and institutions to
  bring settlers over and install them

8
INLAND Exploration

• French used extensive waterways to explore the
  interior (to Rockies) and south to Gulf of Mexico
• REASON to expand fur trade (look for more furs)
• RESULTS
• added territory to New France
• surrounded the British Colonies
• alliances made with Native tribes makes wars
• English Iroquois VS French Huron Huron
  destroyed (so French now have coureurs des bois
  and voyageurs)
• eventual war between French and English as well

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CULTURAL INFLUENCES

• On Amerindians
• became dependent on trade for goods (metal tools,
  pots, guns, cloth, hats, blankets)
• disease and introduction of alcohol threaten
  traditional way of life
• introduced to Christianity

• On Europeans
• learned to survive winters
• used canoes, showshoes, toboggans, mocassins,
  corn (maize), beans, squash, maple syrup
• felt that Natives have no culture/religion
  therefore attempt to civilize them

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VOCABULARY

• Amerindian sedentary
• longhouse wampum
• Matriarchy wigwam
• nomad
• patriarchy
• Appalachians
• Canadian Shield
• St. Lawrence Lowlands

• astrolabe coureurs de bois
• caravel economic staple
• charter mercantilism
• colonization monopoly
• compass voyageur
• Company of 100 Associates