Graphic design

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Graphic design
Introduction to

• Materials, techniques and processes

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Pencils

• There is a variety of pencils such as HB, 2H and
  2B that you may have heard of. Try as many as you
  can to see what the differences are.

Use softer pencils for sketching (they rub out
easily and blend well). Mechanical pencils are
ideal for technical drawing as they are always
sharp. Make sure that you sharpen your pencils
and never throw them because if the lead breaks
then you may as well throw it away!
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Pencils - task
Use pairs of pencils to create a range of
colours. (e.g. use red and yellow to create a
range of reds, oranges and yellows) Try to blend
as seamlessly as possible.

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Marker pens
These are harder to use well than you may think.
Task - Try to colour a square approx 10cm²
without making any one part darker than the rest
and without going over the edges.
Use felt pens sparingly they should be used as
a presentation medium, not for sketching or
writing in.
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Charcoals and Pastels
These are great for sketching, blending and
creating presentation drawings. However, they can
make a mess. Make sure that you use a fixative on
the finished drawings and wash your hands
frequently.
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Printing Processes

• Offset lithography
• Gravure
• Letterpress
• Photocopiers
• Plotters
• Laser printers
• Inkjet Printers

In school you may have some of these processes
available to you, where as others are used mainly
in industry.
Colour printing What four colours are used in
printing?
Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
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Modelling

• Presentation models are used to show what
  finished products will look like.
• Sketch models are quick models roughly showing
  what something will be like (think Blue Peter)
• Demonstration models show how something works
  (e.g. use Lego Technic)
• Virtual Prototyping is using 3D drawing programs
  on a computer to show a high quality
  representation of a potential product.
• Rapid prototyping uses computer generated 3d
  images and uses computer controlled lasers to
  create solid models from materials such as foam.
• Computer simulation is used for products to test
  products in certain situations (e.g. how much
  weight can be put on a chair before it collapses)

Pictures from www.turbocad.co.uk
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Paper, Cards and Boards
Paper comes in a variety of standard sizes as
well as off the roll.
A1 594mm x 841mm
A2 420mm x 594mm
A3 297mm x 420mm (coursework pages)
A4 210mm x 297mm (standard school printer size)
A5 148mm x 210mm
A6 105mm x 148mm
A8 (business card)
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Paper, Cards and Boards - task
Research a range of papers, boards and cards. Try
to find out what each is used for, its weight and
cost.
gsm grams per square metre Standard writing
paper 80gsm
e.g. Tracing paper Corrugated card Whiteboard Cart
ridge paper Sugar paper Cardboard Foamboard