Dr. Dan Schrag Video

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Dr. Dan Schrag Video

• By K. Prakken

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Quiz One Questions

• Who was the first scientist to conduct an
  experiment to measure modern day CO2 levels in
  the Earths atmosphere ?
• Where were these measurements taken and why?
• Why is Venus important?
• How much sunlight is reflected off of Earths
  surface compared to Venus?
• What would happen if Venus had the same
  atmosphere as Earth?

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Quiz One Answers

• David Keeling
• Mauna Loa, Hawaii middle of the Pacific where
  air is more pure
• Less sunlight reaches Venus surface than reaches
  Earth (Venus surface is highly reflective it
  has no oceans) , but with 99 CO2 in its
  atmosphere compared to Earths .038, Venuss
  greenhouse effect is so powerful, its a run-away
  effect.
• 30 off of Earths surface most off of Venus
• Venus would be a lot colder because it would have
  too tiny a greenhouse effect to compensate for
  its highly reflective surface.

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Quiz Two Questions

• What happens to a main sequence star over time?
• What has happened to CO2 levels in the atmosphere
  as the sun has brightened over time?
• In the natural carbon cycle, what are the two
  sources of CO2 on Earth?
• What does the planets temperature do to the rate
  of CO2 formation?
• What affect does burning fossil fuel have on the
  carbon cycle?

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Quiz Two Answers

1. A main sequence star, like our Sun, grows
   brighter over time
2. CO2 levels have decreased
3. Volcanoes and Calcium Carbonate
4. Heat usually increases chemical reactions, e.g.
   the rate at which CO2 forms
5. Adds CO2 to atmosphere faster than the Earths
   natural systems the carbon cycle can remove.
   The result fast rising levels of atmospheric
   carbon dioxide.

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Quiz Three Questions

1. What is a Foraminifera?
2. What are the characteristics of Isotopes of
   Oxygen?
3. Which kind of oxygen do chemicals that bond with
   oxygen preferO18 or O16?
4. What is the current deep ocean temperature, and
   how does that compare to the last really hot
   period (the Eocene?)

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Quiz Three Answers

1. A foraminifera is a tiny climate-sensitive
   organism that produces shells of calcium
   carbonate. Scientists examine the chemistry of
   their shells to reconstruct ancient climate and
   environments.
2. 8 protons, 8 neutronsoxygen-16 some oxygen has
   extra neutrons
3. Prefers O-18 because it has more mass and bonds
   are stronger
4. Deep ocean temperature is 2 degrees Celsius
   today was 12 degrees Celsius during really warm
   period 35 million years ago (Eocene)

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Quiz Four Questions

1. What are the uses of Oxygen Isotopes?
2. What was the last time in history when CO2 levels
   were probably above 500ppm?
3. What was Greenland like at the time of the
   Eocene?
4. What was the climate of Wyoming during the
   Eocene?
5. In Antarctica?

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Quiz Four Answers

1. The ratio of different Oxygen Isotopes are used
   to reconstruct ancient temperatures. They also
   tell us about the amount of ice there was on
   Earth since lighter isotopes evaporate from the
   sea and thus are found in ice sheets, while
   heavier isotopes remain in the shells of deep
   ocean organisms.
2. The Eocene.
3. Crocodiles.
4. Palm Trees.
5. Pine Forests.

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Quiz Five Questions

1. The circulation of oceans (the deep ocean
   conveyer belt) is driven by what factors?
2. What would happen to Europes climate if the
   conveyer belt shut down?
3. What was misleading about the movie The Day After
   Tomorrow?
4. What surface on Earth heats up and cools down
   faster, land or ocean?

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Quiz Five Answers

• Temperature (hot or cold masses of water) and
  density(how salty or fresh is the water). Cold
  and salty water is the densest, and thus sinks
  the deepest thus powering the conveyor belt
• Fresher water (from melting ice) will not be as
  dense
• No global ice age would be triggered. Europe
  would get a bit colder, but its weather is also
  determined by southerly (warm) winds. Eastern
  North America would not get colder because its
  weather comes from the continent, not the ocean.
• The temperature of land changes quickly since it
  can not retain heat or cold the temperature of
  oceans and water changes slowly.

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Global Warming

• Global Warming is a serious issue and is
  worsening everyday we put off action. We all
  must pull together and help to make sure that
  global warming is stopped before we cant do
  anything. Join the fight against global warming
  and help make the world a better place for
  everyone.