PowerPoint-Pr

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Dioxins PCBs Environmental Levels and Human
Exposure in Candidate Countries
Anke Joas 2/3 Feb 2004 Bratislava
ELICC Consortium Environmental Levels in
Candidate Countries
BiPRO
Beratungsgesellschaft für integrierte
Problemlösungen
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Background for Commission Activities
For more information see http//europa.eu.int/com
m/environment/dioxin/index.htm
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Background for Commission Activities in Accession
Countries
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Objectivies of the ongoing project
Human exposure
Legislation
Environmental contamination
ExpertLaboratories
MonitoringResearch
Overview on available data
StoringDestruction
Data /Knowledge Gaps
Knowledge exchange /Capacity building
IntegralAssessment
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Methods for information collection
Ministries of Environment
Questionnaire
Ministries of Health
Ministries of Agriculture
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Homepage for Communication knowledge exchange
Regularly up-dated with results (after approval
by the Commission)

• Information on the project background and its
  objectives
• Information on project results
• Information exchange platform
• Events
• Contact
• Links

www.eu-pops.org
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Structure Bi-directional Approach

• Contamination
• Monitoring
• Capacity
• Legislation
• Plannings

Comparative overview for all countries
Detailed information on specific topics

• Time trends
• Local specifities
• Congeners
• Other

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Monitoring/Research related to PCDD/Fs
PCDD/Fs Air countrywide system in CZ
sporadic measurements SK, PL
Water rare localised sporadic measurements in
CZ, PL Sediments only data from CZ and PL
Soils measurements in CZ, PL, HU, SK, (EST)
Vegetation data rom CZ, (SLO)
Wildlife measurements in CZ, EST, LV, RO,
(SK) Food monitoring in CZ, SK, M, (SLO)
Feed ? Total diet CZ, (SK) Human
milk monitoring in BG, CZ, EST, HU, LT, RO, PL,
SK Adipose tissue CZ Blood SK
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Monitoring/Research related to PCBs
PCBs Air monitoring in CZ, some data from
SK, EST, LV, PL, Water regular monitoring
in at least 6 out of 13 countries
Sediments systematic monitoring in main water
courses in at least 8 countries
Soils measurements started in most countries in
the framework of GEF projects Vegetation
data rom CZ, (SLO) Wildlife fish and wild
game included in food monitoring programmes
fresh water fish in CZ, (SK, RO)
Food monitoring in almost all countries
Feed ? Total diet CZ, SK, HU Human
milk monitoring in BG, CZ, EST, HU, LT, RO, PL,
SK Adipose tissue CZ, PL, SK, HU, TR
Blood SK, PL, CZ, LV, SLO, RO
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Priorities of Monitoring Research
relative amount of information
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Differences in Food Monitoring
Different grouping of food items (meat
products/fish products)
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Differences in Monitoring Research Activities
Extended monitoring programmes in environmental
compartments related human exposure
e.g. CZ, SK
Monitoring in specific compartments/ selected
research projects
e.g. EST, LT, CY
recent start of activities in the framework of
GEF projects
e.g. TR, M, RO
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Environmental Levels Time trend for PCBs in
Rivers Poland
Year Vistula Vistula Vistula Oder Oder
Krakow Warszawa Kiezmark Chalupki Wroclaw
1992 0,0275 0,0078 0,0075 0,0018 0,0014
1993 0,0138 0,0103 0,0072 0,0037 0,0039
1994 0,0234 0,0125 - 0,0079 0,0080
1995 0,0129 0,0090 0,0011 0,0171 0,0097
1996 0,0134 0,0099 0,0184 - 0,0080
1997 0,0137 0,0110 0,0088 0,0040 0,0114
1998 0,0112 0,0138 0,0088 - 0,0096
1999 0,0127 0,0136 - - 0,0198
2000 0,0170 0,0141 - 0,0015 0,0158
2001 0,0078 0,0082 - 0,0098 0,0157
Mean 0,0153 0,0110 0,0086 0,0065 0,0103
Mean annual concentrations of the sum of PCBs
(?g/l) in the Oder and Vistula rivers between
1992-2001 (data from the State Environmental
Monitoring, Institute of Meteorology and Water
Management, Poland)
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Environmental Levels dioxinlike PCBs in River
Ecosystems Poland
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Contamination Sources / "hot spots"

• Industrial emissions
• uncontrolled burning at dumping sites
• domestic burning

• soil, sediment at historic production sites and
  former military camps
• transformer capacitors
• contaminated oil stocks

• Current knowledge
• emission estimates
• stock inventories

• future needs
• measurements at suspected sites / major rivers /
  representative food items / human indicator
  mediums

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Legislation Implementation of EU Directives
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• 2000/76/EC (incineration of waste)
• 1996/59/EC (disposal of PCBs/PTCs)
• 1976/769/EEC (marketing and use)
• 1996/61/EC (pollution prevention IPPC)
• 2000/60/EC (water framework)
• 2001/1002/EC (animal nutrition)
• 2001/2375/EC (maximum levels in food)

emission limits transposed
partly problems with safe disposal and time limit
for complete depletion
transposed refilling not always forbidden
partly problems in meeting time limits
transposed
no information
only in some countries already implemented
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Variations in national limit values for PCBs
Food
Meat 200 3000 ng / g lipid
Milk 100 1500 ng / g lipid
Eggs 200 500 ng / g lipid
Fish 100 3000 ng / g lipid
Animal Fat 500 ng / g lipid
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Laboratory and destruction capacity
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Analysis of available Contamination data (Impact
factors)
Number of samples
Location of samples
Type of sample
Analysis method laboratory standard (reference
level)
Years
Age of sample species
Number/Type of congeners
Data - Pool
poor highly inhomogeneous data
limited possibilities for comparison
need for harmonisation and filling of gaps
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Major data and knowledge gaps

• lack of data or severely restricted number of
  data in the majority of countries
• special lack of dioxin data
• small number of samples
• different analytical methods and quality
  standards
• different number of analysed congeners
• different temporal (year) and spatial (location)
  characteristics of data
• poor availability of data

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Consequences for integral assessment
Best sources for comparison International
studies with identical analysing laboratory
e.g. WHO Exposure study on the levels of PCBs
and PCDD/Fsin human milk (2nd 3rd round) JRC
study on PCDD/Fs and PCBs in butter samples
from the European Accession Countries
Studies comprising more than one country
Studies with analysis in reference laboratory
meeting EU quality standards
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WHO Human milk
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Annual average atmospheric concentrations of PCBs
(sum of seven) from four European sites 1996-2001

•  
•  

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Baltic herring age group 2-3
PCDD/F pg TEQ/fresh weight)
() number of samples
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Knowledge exchange Capacity building

• Programmes in the framework of the European
  Union
• PHARE/ Twinning, ISPA, LIFE

• Programmes in the framework of WHO
• GEF funded projects to meet teh obligations
  under the Stockholm Convention
• WHO human milk study
• GEMS-Food-EURO

• Regional Co-operations, international Conventions
  and Databases
• Baltic Environmental Forum (BEF), DANCEE
• HELCOM, BARCOM (Medpol)
• EIONET, EUROWATERNET, EMEP, etc.

• Reports, Websites
• Dioxins and PCBs Environmental Levels and Human
  Exposure in Candidate Countries
• Dioxin Emissions in Candidate Countries

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Conclusions I
Legislative Framework
NEAP, NIP, NEMP
Achievements
Capacity building International
conventionEuropean Databases
Expert network
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Conclusions II
Measurements to close data gaps
Accessibility of data
Deficites
Harmonisation of sampling analysis standards
Emission reduction/ destruction/ remediation
Educational measures for awareness rising