Toe River Valley Legacy Workshop

1
Alternative Energy for the Home
Toe River Valley Legacy Workshop 11/3/2006 Brent
Summerville Western North Carolina Renewable
Energy Initiative
2
Western NC Renewable Energy Initiative(WNCREI)

• Appalachian State University Project
• Wind
• Solar
• Microhydro
• wind.appstate.edu
• Call or email for a consultation
• wind_at_appstate.edu
• 828-262-7333

3
Interested in Producing Your Own Power?Start
With Efficiency

• Every watt not used is a watt that doesnt have
  to be produced, processed, or stored.
• Richard Perez

4
Assessment

• How do you know how much energy you need?
• Electric bill
• Average US household uses 850 kWhrs/month 28
  kWhrs/day
• Minimize your energy use
• Going off grid?...Do a load assessment!!
• Grid tie?... Reduce your utility bill, sell green
  power.

5
New Construction? Build It Right

• creating energy efficient buildings
• increased use of alternative energy sources
• sustainable development
• using green building materials
• decreasing use of natural resources
• preserving topsoil and trees
• reducing storm water runoff

www.wncgbc.org
6

• Microhydro

7
Most of that global hydro power is produced by
large-scale hydroelectric plants
8
Here, we will be talking about microhydro

• Small in scale
• Minimum environmental impact
• Site specific you must have the resource
• Affordable
• Wind and solar power are also good but the
  resources are intermittent hydro is more
  consistent.
• Produces continuously, 24/7

9
Small turbines are turned by falling water. That
turning motion drives a generator which produced
electricity.
With the high head situations we commonly see in
the mountains, small pelton wheels turgo runners
are commonly used.
Got a Stream?
10
You need two things to make powerHead and Flow
11
Measuring Head

• Sight level (2 people)

Eye level
12
Measuring Head

• Pipe with pressure gauge at the bottom (1 person)
• 2.31 feet 1 psi
• This gauge reads 38 psi
• 38 psi x 2.31 feet/psi 88 ft of head

13
Flow 5 gallon bucket
Typical method for microhydro
Fun and easy
This may be tricky
14
5 gallon bucket

• If the measured flow using a 5 gallon bucket and
  a stop watch was 5 gallons in 1.5 seconds, how
  many GPM would this be?

• Or just remember
• 300/Seconds gallons per minute (GPM)

15
Larger StreamsDifferent Methods, different
technology

• Float Method

Weir
16
The Intake
Flow from a dam
Filter and Silt Trap
Start of Penstock
17
Larger flows require larger silt traps
18
Penstock
PVC
HDPE
19
Factors to Consider Penstock

• surface roughness of the pipe
• design pressure
• method of jointing
• weight and ease of installation
• accessibility of the site
• terrain
• soil type
• design life and maintenance
• weather conditions
• availability
• relative cost
• likelihood of structural damage

20
The penstock delivers clean, pressurized water to
the turbine
A union and hinge allows the turbine to be tilted
back for servicing.
Screw-type gate valves insures slow operation
21
Nozzles
Flow through the pipe is controlled by the nozzle
size. Use the minimum amount of flow from the
streamup to ½ of the stream flow.
22
Power Calculations

• Power (watts) Net Head (ft) Flow (GPM)
• 9-14 (use 10)

10 assumes a system efficiency of 53
23
Charts from Manufacturer of Turbine
24
Harris Hydro

• The Harris system is an efficient, durable,
  battery charging pelton turbine with a PM
  generator.
• Probably the most abundant micro-hydro unit in
  the U.S.
• The multiple nozzle arrangement allows
  considerably more water to impact the runner,
  resulting in greater output at any head, and
  usable power at a much lower head.
• 1 nozzle 1700
• 2 nozzle 1800
• 4 nozzle 1950
• www.harrishydro.com

25
Energy Systems Design

• 2 Nozzle Bronze 2395
• 4 Nozzle Bronze 2545
• High Voltage Option 200
• High Current Option 100

• Stream Engine
• Brushless, permanent magnet alternator which is
  adjustable
• Capable of outputs over 1 kilowatt
• Heads from 6 to 300 feet.
• Equipped with a rugged bronze turgo wheel,
  universal nozzles (adaptable to sizing from 1/8
  to1 inch), and a digital multimeter which is used
  to measure output current.
• www.microhydropower.com

26
Hydro Induction Power

• Good for long wire runs, 60' - 500' head, 10 -
  600 gpm
• The units produce 3-Phase 120V, 240V, or 480V
  'wild' (unregulated) AC, which is then stepped
  down to battery voltage.
• The heavy-duty brushless alternator is housed on
  the Harris Housing
• Uses the Harris bronze Pelton Wheel for flows up
  to 200 gpm and the bronze Turgo Runner for flows
  of 200 to 600 gpm.
• www.hipowerhydro.com

• HV 600 with 2 Nozzles 2500
• HV 600 with 4 Nozzles 2600
• HV 1200 with 4 Nozzles 3000
• HV 1800 with 4 Nozzles 3500
• HV 3600 with 4 Nozzles 5000
• Turgo option 600

27
Canyon Hydro

• Serious engineering

100 KW Canyon Crossflow
Great Resource
www.canyonhydro.com
28
Make your own

• www.otherpower.com

29

• Solar

30
Learn from Nature
31
Big Brains
32
Oh yeah, the Sun
33
Solar Thermal and Solar Photovoltaic Good
Nuclear Power
34
Pole Mounted PV
35
Roof Mounted PV
36
Solar Water and Space Heating
37

• Wind Energy

38
Sizes and Applications

• Small (?10 kW)
• Homes
• Farms
• Remote Applications
• (e.g. battery charging, water pumping, grid-tie)

• Intermediate
• (10-500 kW)
• Village / Farm Power

• Large (500 kW 6 MW)
• Wind Farms
• Distributed Power
• Offshore

39
Do you have the resource?
40
(No Transcript)
41
Updated Hi-res Map
42
Class 6 (4.3)
Location and Percentage of High Quality Wind
Resources in the US
Class 5 (6.3)
Class 4 above 27.5
43
Western NC Wind Potential(old map)
44
New Hi-Res North Carolina Wind Map
45
North Carolina Coastal Resources
46
24 County Western NC Wind Map
47
We are not in South DakotaCareful site analysis
is important
48
County maps available at www.wind.appstate.edu
49
Tax Parcel Data Wind Map
50
(No Transcript)
51
Anemometer Loan Program
52
Wind Micrositing

• Where to put it

53
Step 1 What do you want to do?
54
Rule 1 Minimize Turbulence
Turbulence cuts performance by reducing the
effectiveness of the blades
55
Rule 2 Minimum Tower Height
30 above obstructions within 300 500
56
Tower Height Depends on Terrain
57
Rule 3 Stay upwind of obstacles

• Know the prevailing wind direction
• The turbine would like a clear view in that
  direction

58
Small Wind Turbine Technology
59
Southwest WindpowerFlagstaff, Arizona www.windene
rgy.com
Whisper 2001000 W
AIR400 W
Whisper 100900 W
Whisper 5003 kW (Now with grid-tie)
60
Newest installation at Beech MountainSouthwest
Windpower Skystreamwww.skystreamenergy.com
61
Proven Engineering Products, Ltd.Scotland,
United Kingdom www.provenenergy.com
WT600600 W
WT2500 2.5 kW
WT60006 kW
62
Bergey WindpowerNorman, Oklahoma www.bergey.com
BWC XL.11 kW
BWC Excel10 kW
63
Bergey 10kW installed this summer in Haywood
County
64
New Bergey 50kWHere is one at a Walmart in
Texasalso working on a 5 kW machine
65
AWP3.6 is no longer available..
66
Abundant Renewable EnergyNewberg, Oregon
www.abundantre.com
ARE1102.5 kW
ARE44210 kW
67
Wind Turbine Industries, Inc. Prior Lake,
Minnesota www.windturbine.net
Jacobs 31-2020 kW (also 23-10, 23-12.5, 26-15,
26-17.5)
Estimated Annual output (kWh)
68
Homebuiltwww.otherpower.comwww.scoraigwind.com
69
FuhrländerLorax Energy Systems, Rhode Island
www.lorax-energy.com
FL 250250 kW
FL 100100 kW
FL 3030 kW
70
Vestas, GE, Nordex, Mitsubishi, Clipper, Suzlon,
GamesaBIG!
71
Small Wind Turbine Towers
Fixed Guyed Tower
Self-Supporting Tower
Tilt-Up Tower
72
The Effect of Seasons and Time onHybrid Power
Systems
Summer/ Daytime
Battery
Loads
PV modules and wind turbine
(storage)
(utilization)
Winter/ Nightime
Battery
Loads
PV modules and wind turbine
(storage)
(utilization)
02770322
73
Solar and Wind Resourcesare Complimentary
400
Data from SE Iowa
350
Hours of sunshine/month
Hours of Sunshine
300
Hours of sunshine or averagewind power (Watts/m2)
250
200
Average wind power
150
100
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
02770324
74
Incentives and Issues
75
North Carolina Incentive Programs

• TVA Green Power Switch
• NC GreenPower
• NC Personal Renewable Energy Tax Credit
• NC Corporate Renewable Energy Tax Credit
• Green tags
• USDA Farm Bill
• more at www.dsireusa.org

76
TVA Green Power Switch Generation Partners Program

• Details
• Wind or PV
• (.5 50 KW)
• Residential or small commercial
• .15/kWh credit
• Energy used on site is billed at standard rate

www.tva.com/greenpowerswitch/partners/index.htm
77
NC GreenPower Programwww.ncgreenpower.org

• To improve the quality of the environment by
  encouraging the development of renewable energy
  resources through consumers voluntary purchase
  of green power.

• RFP process for green power
• No wind producers yet
• Green Power program initially quoted an estimate
  of .06/kwh

78
Green Tags
79
NC Net Metering
Credited to a customer's next monthly bill, but
reset to zero at the beginning of each summer
(June 1) and winter (October 1) billing season.
Any renewable-energy credits associated with net
excess is granted to the utility when the balance
is zeroed out. 20 kW for residential systems
100 kW for non-residential systems Investor-owned
utilities (Progress Energy, Duke Power, Dominion
North Carolina Power) Photovoltaics, Landfill
Gas, Wind, Biomass, Anaerobic Digestion
80
NC Renewable Energy Tax Credits

• 35 for all technologies
• Can take tax credit over 5 years
• No more than half of tax liability
• No refund based on tax credit

81
Residential Limits

• Credit Limits
• 1,400 residential solar domestic hot water
• 3,500 residential active space heating, combined
  solar hot water and space heating, passive space
  heating
• 10,500 residential biomass, wind, hydroelectric
  and photovoltaic or solar thermal electric

82
USDA Farm Bill Section 9006

• Contact
• H. Rossie Bullock
• Business Programs Specialist
• 440C Caton Rd.
• P.O. Box 7426
• Lumberton, NC 28359-7426
• Phone [phone] ext. 4
• Fax [phone]
• email rossie.bullock_at_nc.usda.gov

• Farmers and Rural Small Business Owners Can Apply
  for
• 25 from 2,500 to 500,000
• Or up to 10 million in guaranteed loans

83
New Legislative Action

• Small Wind Tax Credit
• The U.S. House and Senate have introduced bills
  to create a 30 tax credit for the purchase of
  small wind systems used to power a home, farm or
  small business.  Please contact your Members of
  Congress and ask them to cosponsor this
  legislation.
• Goto wind.appstate.edu

84
Incentives Database
www.dsireusa.org
85
Local Installers
86
Local Installers

• Solar Dynamics
• phones 828-665-8507 and 828-231-9106Fax
  828-665-8507.e-mail ole_at_solardynamicsnc.com
• 40 Green Valley Rd. Asheville NC 28806
• www.solardynamicsnc.com

87
Local Installers

• Sundance Power Systems, Inc.Phone
  828.689.2080Fax [phone] Beauty Spot
  CoveMars Hill, NC 28754info_at_sundancepower.com
• www.sundancepower.com

88
Local Installers

• Appalachian Energy Services, LLC
• Solar Energy Solutions
• Seth Wiley
• Murphy, NC
• 828-278-2074 office
• 828-557-0940 cell
• solarmanseth_at_gmail.com
• www.WNCsolar.com

89
Local Installers

• Atomic SolarBurnsville, NC 28714828-675-9643

90
Local Installers

• Appalachian Energy SolutionsKent Hively P.O.
  Box 103 Sugar Grove, NC 28679828-773-9762
• www.appalachianenergysolutions.com

91

• Thanks
• Questions?
• Brent Summerville
• wind_at_appstate.edu
• 828-262-7333
• wind.appstate.edu