Key

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Key Civil War Battles
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Known as the Battle of Sharpsburg to Southerners,
this was the bloodiest single day of the Civil
War and led to Lees withdrawal from Maryland.
Lee invaded the North in the hope of gaining
French and British recognition of the
Confederacy. After a Union soldier found a copy
of Lees order outlining his plans at an
abandoned camp, McClellan and his force
intercepted Lee at Antietam Creek. Although
McClellan forced Lees retreat, he failed to
pursue Lee across the Potomac River. Lincoln
used the occasion to issue the preliminary
Emancipation Proclamation five days later.
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The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)
The turning point battle of the Civil War. Gen.
Robert E. Lee initiated a second invasion of the
North when he crossed into southern Pennsylvania.
His Army of Northern Virginia met the Union Army
of the Potomac, led by Gen. George Meade, at
Gettysburg on July 1. The bloodiest battle of
the war lasted three days. On July 3 at 300
p.m., Confederate general George Pickett led his
disastrous charge on Cemetery Ridge. The attack
failed and Lee retreated to Virginia. General
Meade, recognizing that his men were exhausted,
refused to follow Lees troops, and the Civil War
continued for two more long bloody years.
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6. SEMINARY RIDGE7. PITZER WOODS8. LONGSTREET'S
HEADQUARTERS9. WARFIELD RIDGE10. LITTLE ROUND
TOP11. DEVIL'S DEN12. THE WHEATFIELD13. THE
PEACH ORCHARD14. TROSTLE FARM and PLUM RUN15.
CEMETERY RIDGE16. SPANGLER'S SPRING17. CULP'S
HILL18. EAST CEMETERY HILL
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Battle of Fort Donelson (February 6, 1862)

• An early military engagement of the Civil War.
  The Confederates controlled the fort, located in
  Tennessee on the Cumberland River. In 1862 Union
  Gen. Ulysses S. Grant led a siege of the fort and
  forced an unconditional surrender of the thirteen
  thousand Confederate troops. This act made Grant
  a hero and earned him the nickname Unconditional
  Surrender Grant.
• Large of troops surrendering
• High notoriety for Grant
• Tributaries to the Mississippi River controlled

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Battle of Fort Henry (February 6, 1862) A Civil
War battle for control of a military
fortification on the Tennessee River held by
Confederate troops. Its capture by Union forces
led by Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Comm. Andrew
Foote helped the north gain control of the
Mississippi valley and split the Confederacy.
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The Peninsular Campaign (March-July 1862)
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Seven Days Battles (June 25-July 1, 1862) A
series of battles during the Civil War, which
were part of the peninsular campaign of the Union
to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond,
Virginia. Union troops led by Gen. McClellan
were opposed by Confederate forces under Gen.
Lee. When McClellan tried to move south, the
Confederates launched a counteroffensive but were
repeatedly repulsed by Union forces. Despite
heavy Confederate losses, the Union army
retreated to the James River, thus allowing Lee
to save Richmond.
Union Casualties 15,849 Confederate Casualties
20,135
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Battle of Fredericksburg (December 13, 1862)
Major battle of the Civil War in Virginia. Union
forces led by the reckless general Ambrose
Burnside attacked Confederate forces led by Gen.
Lee. The Union troops were repulsed, and a great
slaughter ensued they retreated two days later,
giving the South an important victory. The Union
lost over 12,000 soldiers compared to 5,000
casualties among the Southern troops.
Union Casualties 12,653 Confederate Casualties
4,201
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Battle of Chancellorsville
Union Casualties 18,400 Confederate Casualties
11,400
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Battle of Chancellorsville (May 2-4, 1863)
A major military engagement between the Union
forces led by Gen. Hooker and the Confederate
forces were led by Gen. Lee during the Civil War.
Fought near Chancellorsville, Virginia, the
battle resulted in a remarkable defeat of the
Northern army at the hands of outnumbered
Southern troops. Confederate Gen. Stonewall
Jackson, Lees close military adviser, was
accidentally shot by his own troops following the
battle and died shortly after.
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Battle of Vicksburg (May 19 July 4) Union
Casualties 10,142Confederate Casualties 9,091
Major military engagement of the Civil War.
Guarding the Mississippi River between Memphis
and New Orleans, the heavily armed Confederate
city of Vicksburg, Mississippi proved a challenge
to Union Gen. Grant, who sought to split the
Confederacy in two. After his attacks had been
repeatedly repulsed by the Confederates, Grant
laid siege to the city, approaching from the
south and east. For six weeks the bombardment
continued. Finally outmanned and out of food and
supplies, Confederate general J. Pemberton
surrendered to Grant on Jyly, 4, 1863 (one day
following the Southern defeat at Gettysburg),
thus giving control of the Mississippi to the
North and dividing the Confederacy.
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After General Ulysses S. Grants attacks had been
repeatedly repulsed by the Confederates, Grant
laid siege to the city, approaching from the
south and east. For six weeks the bombardment
continued. Finally outmanned and out of food
supplies, Confederate general John Pemberton
surrendered to Grant on July 4, 1863 (one day
following the Southern defeat at Gettysburg),
thus giving control of the Mississippi River to
the North dividing the Confederacy.
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"Vicksburg is the key. The war can never be
brought to a close until the key is in our
pocket," President Abraham Lincoln.
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Battle of Chattanooga (November 23-25, 1863)
Following the Battle of Vicksburg in the Civil
War, Union troops, under the command of Gen.
Grant moving eastward, encountered Confederate
troops led by Gen. Bragg at Chattanooga,
Tennessee. The Union forces won a victory, and
the Confederate forces retreated to winter
quarters at Dalton, Georgia. Chattanooga was a
strategic site for the North because it was a
railroad and transportation center for the
Confederate states.
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Conflict between Union and Confederate forces in
the latter part of the Civil War. Union troops
numbering over 100,000 led by Gen. Grant met
about 65,000 Confederate troops under Gen. Lee.
The dense, tangled forest northwest of Richmond,
Virginia, made cavalry and artillery useless.
After two days of infantry fighting and heavy
losses on both sides, the battle remained
undecided, and Grant pushed his forces on to
Richmond.
Battle of the Wilderness (May 5-6, 1864)
Union Casualties 18,400 Confederate Casualties
11,400
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Battle of Petersburg (June 15, 1864 April 2,
1865)
Siege during the Civil War. In hopes of seizing
the railroads of Petersburg, Virginia, an
important railroad center for the Confederate
states, Gen. Grant began a battle of trench
warfare and bombardment of the town that lasted
nine months. Grant finally broke through Gen.
Lees lines on April 2, 1865, and nearby Richmond
fell the next day. A week later Lee surrendered
to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
Union Casualties 61,000 Confederate Casualties
38,000
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Atlanta Campaign (May 7 September 2, 1864
Union Casualties 13,607 Confederate Casualties
13,096
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Atlanta Campaign (May 7 September 2, 1864
Union Casualties 13,607 Confederate Casualties
13,096
One of the last major military campaigns of the
Civil War. Union Gen. Sherman led more than
100,000 federal troops on a march from
Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta, Georgia, as
part of a drive to end the war. Sherman captured
Atlanta in September and his troops burned a
large part of the city to the ground in November.
From Atlanta the Union armies followed with
Shermans March to the Sea, sweeping almost
unopposed through Georgia to Savannah, living off
the land since they had left their supply lines
behind and destroying much of what they
encountered. The Southerners defeat in this
campaign was a major disaster for the Confederacy.
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Sherman's Savannah Carolinas Campaign
Union Casualties 4,800 Confederate Casualties
7,188
Sherman turns north Having seized Savannah, and
undeterred by relentless rain, rugged terrain, or
sporadic resistance, Sherman ordered his Union
armies to move into South Carolina on January 17.
They laid waste to much of the state where the
rebellion began and reached its capital,
Columbia, in less than a month. Southerners
blamed Sherman for setting Columbia ablaze,
although the fire seems to have begun among
cotton bales lit by retreating rebel cavalry
before his army ever reached the city. In any
case, Sherman said, "Though I never ordered it,
and never wished it, I have never shed any tears
over the event, because I believe that it
hastened what we all fought for, the end of the
war."
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Lee's Last Campaign/Appomattox
Union Casualties 10,780 Confederate Casualties
6,000 (plus 27,805 captured and paroled)
Lee's last campaign Forced from his trenches at
Petersburg on April 2, 1865, the Confederate
commander led the remnant of his army westward in
a desperate quest for food. Grant's huge force
followed eagerly along behind.