The Civil Rights Movement

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The Civil Rights Movement

• 1950-1968

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Before
What do you think of this?
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Brown v. Board of Education

• Ruled separate but equal was unconstitutional
• Local school boards should move to desegregate
  with all deliberate speed

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How did people react to this?

• African Americans were happy
• Some Southern whites agreed with the decision
• Other whites in the deep south were angered
• Refused to accept integration
• KKK became more active, using threats

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Little Rock, Arkansas

• Gov. Orval Faubus
• National Guard
• Prevent 9 African Americans from entering school
• Eisenhower stepped in
• The 9 students were protected while entering the
  school

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Emmett Till

• Chicago
• Mississippi
• Went to a store, not sure what happened
• White woman said he flirted with her
• Her husband a friend beat, tortured and killed
  Till

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Reaction

• People were outraged
• The 2 men arrested, tried, found innocent.
• Years later they admitted to the killing

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

• 1955 Rosa Parks
• Refused to give up her seat
• Arrested
• Civil Rights leaders in Montgomery met-boycott
• Over the next year 50,000 African Americans did
  not ride the bus

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Rosa Parks

• Supreme Court ruled bus segregation was
  unconstitutional.

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Do Now

• With a partner answer the following questions
• What other groups civil liberties were affected
  during this time period?
• How were their civil liberties affected?
• Take 10 minutes to work on this.
• Be prepared to discuss you answer with the class.

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How do you sway lawmakers?

• Grass-roots
• Ordinary citizens

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Its MLK Jr.!!
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Organizations

• National Urban League
• Help African Americans move to cities
• Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
• Interracial
• Peaceful confrontations
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
• MLK Jr.
• Nonviolent protests

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Contd

• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
• Young people
• Wanted Immediate change
• Independence
• Robert Moses-leader

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Martin Luther King Jr. Robert Moses
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What could one do to change things?

• Sit-ins
• Dont leave when asked
• Forces store owners to make a difficult choice
• Arrest as a badge of courage

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Freedom Rides
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Met with Violence

• Deep south-violence occurred
• White mob surrounded the bus
• Beat some of the CORE members

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Directions

• For the next couple of slides, you will view
  pictures.
• Write down the feelings you have when you see it.
• Take this seriously, it will count as a homework
  grade (10 points).

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President Kennedy and Civil Rights

• Supported the Civil Rights movement
• As President he was slow to move on issues
• Did not want to lose support from Southerners
• Thurgood Marshall-African American Judge
• Segregationist judges

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March on Washington

• Aug.,1963
• Jobs and freedom
• 200,000
• MLK Jr.- I have a dream speech

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise
up and live out the true meaning of its creed
"We hold these truths to be self-evident that
all men are created equal." I have a dream that
one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of
former slaves and the sons of former slave owners
will be able to sit down together at the table of
brotherhood. Martin Luther King Jr. August 28,
1963
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President Lyndon Johnson and Civil Rights

• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Equal voting rights
• No Segregation in public areas
• Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
• Withholding of federal funds for programs that
  practice discrimination

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Freedom Summer

• Voter registration drive in Mississippi
• KKK used intimidation
• 3 volunteers were found murdered

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965

• Eliminated literacy tests and other barriers
• 400, 000 African Americans registered to vote
  after the law passed

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Division within the Movement

• Many were tired of the slow pace
• Laws changed, but economic and social
  discrimination still existed.

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Malcolm X

• 20 yrs. old- joined the Nation of Islam (Black
  Muslims)
• Black separation
• Self-help

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Black Nationalism

• Allah would bring about a black nation
• Nation of Islam became economically
  self-sufficient whole waiting for the black
  nation.
• Malcolm X became a speaker
• Black nationalism
• Belief in the separate identity and racial unity
  of the African American community.

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Contd

• Did not believe in
• the non-violent protests
• Integration
• However, this would all change soon..

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A journey to Mecca

• 1964 Left the Nation of Islam, formed his own
  group-Muslim Mosque Inc
• He then went to Mecca
• Saw all races worshipping peacefully together
• This event changed his mind about white people
  and separatism

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Return from Mecca

• He returned ready to work with civil rights
  leaders
• 9 months later he was shot at a rally by 3
  members of the Nation of Islam.

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SNCC Changes

• 1966
• Stokely Carmichael-SNCC-wanted change
• Group Split
• Black power
• Unite
• Sense of community

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Black Panthers

• Formed by Bobby Seale Huey Newton
• Militant
• Wanted Federal government to rebuild nations
  ghettos
• Frequent police engagements

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Contd

• Split the Civil Rights movement
• Radical groups separated from the moderate groups

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De facto segregation

• Separation caused by social conditions
• Not just found in the South, but most cities
• Riots broke out in major cities in states such as
• NJ
• NY
• California

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1968

• MLK Jr. turned his attention to poverty
• Planning a Poor Peoples March on Washington
• Traveled around the country
• Memphis-on a balcony-was shot
• Died 1 hour later

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Robert Kennedy

• Running for President
• Supporter of Civil Rights
• Opposed the Vietnam War
• Won the California Primary
• Shot at the hotel in L.A.
• Died the next day

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President Johnson and the Great Society

• Program to end poverty, discrimination and to
  improve education.

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• Your imagination, your initiative and your
  indignation will determine whether we build a
  society where progress is the servant of our
  needs, or a society where old values and new
  visions are buried under unbridled growth. For in
  your time we have the opportunity to move not
  only toward the rich society and the powerful
  society, but upward to the Great Society.

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• But most of all, the Great Society is not a safe
  harbor, a resting place, a final objective, a
  finished work. It is a challenge constantly
  renewed, beckoning us toward a destiny where the
  meaning of our lives matches the marvelous
  products of our labor.
• So I want to talk to you today about three places
  where we begin to build the Great Society -- in
  our cities, in our countryside, and in our
  classrooms.

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What is the legacy of the Civil Rights Movement??
With a partner come up with a written statement
to this question. We will discuss the answer in
class and this will be collected.