Sigor Corporation

1
Sigor Corporation

• Sigor Corporation is seeking to sell its services
  on wider scale to increase company's profit and
  contribute to the effort to lower gasoline prices
  by lowering the cost of oil and gas extraction
  and increasing over-all productivity of oil and
  gas wells.

2
History
Sigor Corporation was established in 1991 by Igor
Skakovsky, the current President/CEO, as an
analytical laboratory for applied sciences,
technologies transfer and its management. During
the period from October, 2000 through October,
2003 Company transformed itself into worlds
pioneering RD laboratory in rock mechanics and
provider of innovative well stimulation services.

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History
In 2003, after series of Companys successful
laboratorial tests, plus production stimulation
of 103 oil, gas and irrigation wells, Sigor
Corporation acquired 40 years worth of technical
data with agreement of scientific support from
its Ukrainian collaborators. Same year Sigor
Corporation began commercialization of developed
technology by marketing its services under
Trademark of SWTorpedoTM.
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Company Today

• Sigor Corporation's high quality well stimulation
  services SWTorpedoTM (Shock Waves Torpedo) offers
  cost-effective recovery of hydrocarbon by
  providing significant, stable-over-time spatial
  changes in the rock permeability and predictable
  increase in productivity for more then 300.
  
  

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Company Today

• As all members of SWTorpedoTM family
• SWT-GUARANT, SWT-OPTIMUM and SWT-ECONOM uses
  dilatant technology and is designed individually
  for each well to increase permeability of the
  producing interval.
• SWT-OPTIMUM service saved over USD 20,000 when
  stimulating limestone of the open-hole gas well
  Asher 8 in Bell County, Kentucky.
• Producer-Anderson Oil Ltd,.

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Fundamentals of Dilatant Technology
Dilatancy is a permanent deformation registered
in rocks that are subjected to non-uniform
dynamic stress. As the rock-volume changes,
porosity can increase up to 60 and permeability
increases 200 or more, as a result of the
microfracturing or cracking that have been
measured in laboratory experiments using core
samples and in the field tests by implementing
SWTorpedoTM services.

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Dilatancy
Schema A Granules of the sores rock before
stress. Schema B Rock-volume have changed under
dynamic stress.
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Dilatancy

• Dilatancy is the increase in volume of a granular
  substance when its shape is changed, because of
  greater distance between its component particles.

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Dilatancy

• Factors that affect deformation are
• Dilatancy
• Grain crushing
• Size of the grain
• Thermal characteristics
• Spatial variations in bed strength
• Decoupling

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The Tool

• SWTorpedo Tool will be designed using the rocks
  characteristics received from the client by
  placing high explosives strategically in the tool
  and securing appropriate timing for the
  detonation of each charge.

Figure 2 Schematic view of internal design
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Tools effect on the rock

• High explosives such as TNT, HMX or RDX are
  strategically placed in the Tool and detonated in
  rapid succession to generate multiple shock waves
  that in return creates changing in time stress
  state, which approaching uniaxial compression and
  perfect shift. At this point fast growing
  increase in volume of rock can be observed, even
  though active forces are still working in
  compressive regime.

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Tools effect on the rock
Figure 1 Distinctive characteristics of the
dilatant stress state created by SWTorpedoTM
during its detonation.

• The laboratorial and field experiments confirm
  that dilatancy begins when
• ( ) lt 0.1

Where Dotted line is progression of Dilatancy
and is maximum principle
stress


is minimum principle stress t, MC is time in
micro seconds Y-axis shows created pressure in
Mega Pascal
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Tools effect on the rock
When Tool is detonated explosive forces create
pressure of ?Pa per second.
Successive shock waves prolong the stress and
initiated fractures will be multiple. The area of
Dilatancy or micro-fractures is on average 6
times larger than an area of radial fractures
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How SWTorpedo is fielded?

• Selected well must be shut in and prepared in the
  same manner as it would be for perforation. That
  includes tubing and rod removal
• Wireline truck with an operating crew (electrical
  wireline is required)
• Depth of productive interval which plan to be
  treated must be confirm and cable-line must be
  marked.

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How SWTorpedo is fielded?
4 Water truck with and operating crew
To avoid stress on wireline, water, solution or
other fluid for depressing the well must be
pumped in the well up to at least 90 feet above
the interval at which Tool will be detonated.
Concentration of the solution, its level and/or
water level in the well must be calculated based
on the pressure in the formation.
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How SWTorpedo is fielded?
Reusable torpedos head must be attached to a
cable head by the female adapter with 1 7/16 in.
thread

Tool-Head
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How SWTorpedo is fielded?
Electrical detonator must be wired and connected
to a detonative cord

SWTorpedo Tool with Attached Tool-Head
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How SWTorpedo is fielded?
Connect SWTorpedo to its reusable head and lower
the Tool to the mark on wireline that being made
earlier Initiate detonation

SWTorpedo Tool Bottom view
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Recovered Debris of SWTorpedo after Successful
Treatment

Prepare the well for exploitation
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Preferable well's and rock's characteristics

• Preferable depth of producing interval for
• Oil wells up to 13,200ft
• Gas wells up to 14,800ft

Were
-is Youngs modulus
-is Poisons ration
-is permeability. Highly compressible components
such as clay, loam, etc. 10
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Preferable rock's and well's characteristics

• Representative Characteristics of the Formations
  Rock

Results of SWTorpedo Stimulation

• Sandstone (strong and clean)
• Sandstone (medium strength)
• Limestone (strong and dense)
• Dolomite
• Granite
• 3. Shale (strong)
• Dolomite, sandstone (weak)
• Limestone (medium strength)
• 4. Shale (medium strength)
• Sandstone (clayey)
• Limestone (clayey)

Best Great Very Good Good

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Preferable rock's and well's characteristics

• Representative Characteristics of the Rock
  Formations

Results of SWTorpedo Stimulation

• 5. Shale (weak with admixtures)
• Sandstone (weak with admixtures)
• 6. Sandstone (weak with high moisture)
• Shale (weak with high moisture)
• Tuff
• Coal (hard)
• Shale (strong and/or with high moisture)
• Tuff (low moisture)
• Sulfuric ore (with no more than 30 of
  sulfur)

Fare Acceptable Questionable

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Competitive Advantages of SWTorpedo

• SWTorpedo vs. Common high-explosive
  
• Effect of dilatancy creates not only
  macro-distraction but also micro-fractures that
  are main contributors for increase of
  permeability
• No compaction zone or cavity created
• 10 times less of explosives used for each
  treatment
• SWTorpedo can be used in cased wells where casing
  is perforated
• Easier and safer to handle

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Competitive Advantages of SWTorpedo

• SWTorpedo vs. Propellant tools
• Each tool is designed individually to meet
  specifics of producing formation
• Flat Fee for each type of services regardless of
  the treated area
• Significantly higher rate of success in
  sandstone, limestone and dolomites
• Initiates multiple fractures vs. 1 or 2 of two
  directional fractures
• Applicable in shallow and under pressured wells
  (only 90ft of fluid required above the tool)
• Results can be verified in 5 minutes vs. 30
  minutes

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Competitive Advantages of SWTorpedo

• SWTorpedo vs. Acidizing treatment
• Enhance acidizing by increasing area of acid-rock
  contact when used prier to the acidizing
  treatment
• Low risk of the wells integrity
• Higher predictability of outcome

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Competitive Advantages of SWTorpedo

• SWTorpedo vs. Hydraulic fracturing
• Adjustable vertical growth
• Multiple fractures
• For any wells aggregated permeability is higher
• Significantly lower cost
• Equipment requirements are minimal

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Competitive Advantages of SWTorpedo

• Distinctive Advantages
• SWTorpedo creates greater area of effective
  micro-fractures than any of the existing
  techniques can create by at least 20ft in each
  direction.
• Minimum production increase is agreed on and
  approved by the Client prier to the treatment,
  and will be delivered with 96 of success
• Fractured area is spherically shaped and connects
  (net like) stratigraphic traps and productive
  formations to the main producing interval.
• Range of effective micro-fractures can be
  adjusted from 5 to 35ft for the cased wells, and
  from 5 to 54ft for open-hole wells, limited
  control of vertical fractures propagation is
  possible.
• Fractures are stable over time and its stability
  varies from 4 to 12 years