CIPARS On Farm Surveillance

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CIPARS On Farm Surveillance
ADED ROUNDS May 22, 2007 Dave Léger, Sheryl
Gow Anne Deckert, Brent Avery Laboratory for
Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of
Canada,
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CIPARS Objectives

• Unified approach to monitor trends in
  antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in
  humans and animals
• Generate timely reports
• Generate data to facilitate the assessment of the
  public health impact of antimicrobials used in
  human and agricultural sectors
• Allow accurate international comparisons with
  other countries that use similar surveillance
  systems (e.g. U.S. (NARMS) Denmark (DANMAP)

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On Farm AB, SK, MB, ON, QC swine
Abattoir National beef/pork/chicken
Veterinary Antimicrobial Use Distribution data
Retail ATL, ON, QC, SK, BC beef/pork/chicken
CIPARS Annual Report http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ci
pars-picra/index.html
Human Antimicrobial Use IMS Health
Human National salmonellosis
Veterinary Laboratories salmonellosis
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On-Farm Surveillance Objectives

• Primary Objectives
• Establish infrastructure to support a national
  on-farm surveillance program
• Provide on-farm data on antimicrobial use and
  resistance
• Secondary Objective
• Investigate associations between antimicrobial
  use and resistance
• Long-term Objective
• Provide sound data for human health risk
  assessments

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Background

• 5 yr Agricultural Policy Framework Funding
• Year 1 (2003-04)
• Consultations Provinces, pork/beef/poultry
  industry
• Supported On-Farm AM use resistance research
• Year 2 (2004-05)
• Selected swine industry to pilot CIPARS On-Farm
• Surveillance Framework Design Process initiated
• Year 3 (2005-06) Year 4 (2006-07)
• Implement and refine the On-Farm swine program
• Data analysis and reporting

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Surveillance Framework Design Process
CIPARS On-Farm Working Group
On-Farm Swine Advisory Committee
Refined On-Farm Surveillance Framework 2007
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Inclusion / Exclusion criteria

• Inclusion criteria
• CQA validated operations
• Operations marketing gt2000 hogs/year
• Operations representative of the veterinary
  practice
• Exclusion criteria
• Organic herds
• Edible residual material herds
• Pasture raised herds

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General Infrastructure

• 108 Sentinel Sites across 5 Provinces
• Swine farms with grower/finisher units
• Major pork provinces Québec, Ontario, Manitoba,
  Saskatchewan and Alberta
• 29 Swine Veterinarians
• Protect biosecurity and confidentiality
• Collect antimicrobial use data and faecal samples
• 2 Supervisory Veterinarians
• Protect confidentiality of corporate farms
• Operational Support
• PHAC Guelph Saskatoon

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Laboratory Infrastructure

• 4 Laboratories
• PHAC-LFZ Labs
• Saint-Hyacinthe QC
• Guelph ON
• Salmonella typing (PHAC-LFZ, Guelph)
• AF Lab, Edmonton AB
• Prairie Diagnostics Services, Regina SK
• Primary Isolation Antimicrobial susceptibility
  testing (Sensititre, Trek Diagnostic Systems,
  Cleveland, OH, USA)

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Laboratory

• Organisms of interest
• Salmonella
• 1 isolate/sample
• Typing performed
• E. coli
• 5 isolates/sample (2006)
• Generic E. coli
• Enterococcus
• 3 isolates/sample
• speciation

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Compensation

• Veterinarians
• Data and sample collection 200/visit
• Travel 45/visit
• To be incorporated with regular herd health
  visits
• Producers
• Data preparation 200/visit
• 40 of total operating dollars goes to
  compensation

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Veterinary Model

• Why did we go with veterinarian?
• Biosecurity
• Knowledge of farm practices
• Producer confidentiality
• Producer trust/confidence
• Sustainability of this model
• Uncertain
• Alternatives to the veterinarian

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Distribution of Sentinel Herds Vets

• Allocation of herds per province is proportional
  to the number of Grower/Finisher Units in each
  province
• 10 additional herds in AB SK Provincial APF
  funding

Nationally 108 Herds 29 Vets
26 8
15 5
12 3
27 7
28 6
5 1

• AF Lab

• PDS Lab

• PHAC-LFZ Lab

• PHAC-LFZ Lab

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Data Information Generated

• Sentinel herd data
• Demographic
• Operation characteristics
• Pig Inventory
• Disease
• Antimicrobial Use
• Qualitative active ingredient, route
• Quantitative active ingredient, route, amount
• Antimicrobial Resistance
• E.coli, Enterococcus and Salmonella
• NARMS Panels - 15 antimicrobials

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Schematic Sampling Data Collection
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Sample Submissions by Sample Type
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Samples Isolates - 2006
Sampling Actual/Planned ()
Number of herd visits completed / Planned 287/324 (89)
Annual Questionnaires returned 65/108 (60)
Sampling Day Questionnaires returned 89/432 (21)
Cohort Arrival Samples 93/126 (74)
Cohort Close-To-Market (CTM) Samples 92/126 (74)
Regular Close-To-Market Samples 257/306 (84)
Total Samples Received ( Planned) 442/558 (79)

Positive Samples
E.coli recovery 442/442 (100)
Salmonella recovery 92/442 ( 21)
Enterococcus recovery 363/442 ( 82)
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Samples Isolates

• 2006 isolate yield
• generic E. coli isolates (5/sample) 2,095
• Salmonella isolates (1/sample) 85
• Enterococcus isolates (3/sample) 1,043
• 2007 Projected isolate yield
• 732 samples
• generic E. coli isolates (3/sample) 2,196
• Salmonella isolates (1/sample) 293
• Enterococcus isolates (3/sample) 1,757

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Refinements for 2007

• Modified data collection instruments
• Simplified Questionnaires
• Minimal use of CQA records
• Sampling Day specific checklists
• Tracking system
• Data management tools developed DEXA DB SA
• Modifications to sampling
• Reduced number of cohort herds to 25 (PQ 100
  Cohort herds Provincially funded)
• Reduced number of E. coli isolates per sample to
  3 isolates

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Schematic Reporting Analysis
2007 Questionnaire Data Entry - Ongoing
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Active Surveillance on Sentinel Farms
Data Analysis Reporting
Risk-Based Policy
SiteInformation
Operation Management Characteristics
Clinical Practice Guidelines On-Farm AMU
Protocols Public health AMR recognized as a
hazard inon-farm food safety HACCP
Antimicrobial Use

• Qualitative Quantitative
• Kgs Active Ingred.
• Animal Daily Dose
• /Animal-time

Herd Level
PenLevel
Sampling Faecal
Lab Analysis Salmonella E. coli Enterococcus

• Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns
• MDR strains
• Human Imp.

CompositePen Samples
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Future plans

• Sustainable funding
• Expansion into other commodities
• Current research projects
• Feedlot beef cattle
• Dairy cattle

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Contact Information

• Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses
• Public Health Agency of Canada
• David_Leger_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
• Tel [phone]
• Sheryl_Gow_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
• Tel [phone]
• Brent_Avery_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
• Tel [phone]
• Anne_Deckert_at_phac-aspc.gc.ca
• Tel [phone]

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Information on the Web

• CIPARS 2005 - Preliminary Results-
• http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/2005_pr_e
  .html
• CIPARS 2005- Additional data (Recovery rates)
• http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/2005_pr_e.
  html

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