B380 Abnormal Psychology

1

• B380 Abnormal Psychology
• Section IV
• Anxiety, Somatoform, and Dissociative Disorders

2
Anxiety disorders DSM-IV

• Panic Disorder without Agoraphobia
• Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
• Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder
• Specific Phobia
• Social Phobia
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Acute Stress Disorder
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Anxiety Disorder due to... indicate the General
  Medical Condition
• Substance-Related Anxiety Disorder (refer to
  Substance-Related Disorders)
• Anxiety Disorder NOS

3
Common (and some uncommon) Phobias

• Phobia Object of the fear
• Acrophobia Heights
• Agoraphobia Open places
• Arachnophobia Spiders
• Astraphobia Lightning
• Cynophobia Dogs
• Claustrophobia Enclosed spaces
• Erotophobia Sex
• Mysophobia Dirt, Germs
• Hedonophobia Pleasure
• Necrophobia Corpses
• Ophidiophobia Snakes
• Nyctophobia Darkness
• Pyrophobia Fire
• Syphilophobia Venereal disease
• Teratophobia Giving birth to monsters
• Thanatophobia Death
• Xenophobia Foreigners, strangers
• Zoophobia Animals

Source Oxford Dictionary
4
DSM-IV TYPES OF SPECIFIC PHOBIAS

• (1) Animal Type These include fears of animals
  such as dogs, cats, spiders, bugs, mice, rats,
  birds, fish, and snakes. Generally childhood
  onset.(2) Natural Environment Type These
  include fears of heights, storms, and being near
  water. Generally childhood onset.(3)
  Blood-Injection-Injury Type These include fears
  of seeing blood, receiving a blood test or
  injection, watching medical procedures on
  television, and for some individuals, even just
  talking about medical procedures.(4)
  Situational Type These include fears of
  situations such as driving, flying, elevators,
  public transportation, and enclosed places.
  Generally bimodal onset childhood and
  mid-20s.(5) Other Type These include other
  specific fears, including fears of choking or
  vomiting after eating certain foods, fears of
  balloons breaking or other loud sounds, or fears
  of clowns.

5
DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder

• A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic
  event in which both of the following were
  present
• (1) the person experienced, witnessed, or was
  confronted with an event or events that involved
  actual or threatened death or serious injury, or
  a threat to the physical integrity of self or
  others
• (2) the persons response involved intense
  fear, helplessness, or horror.
• B. The traumatic event is persistently
  re-experienced in one (or more) of the following
  ways
• (1) recurrent and intrusive distressing
  recollections of the event, including images,
  thoughts, or perceptions.
• (2) recurrent distressing dreams of the event.
  
• (3) acting or feeling as if the traumatic event
  were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the
  experience, illusions, hallucinations, and
  dissociative flashback episodes, including those
  that occur on awakening or when intoxicated).
• (4) intense psychological distress at exposure
  to internal or external cues that symbolize or
  resemble an aspect of the traumatic event
• (5) physiological reactivity on exposure to
  internal or external cues that symbolize or
  resemble an aspect of the traumatic event

6
DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria for Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (Cont.)

• C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated
  with the trauma and numbing of general
  responsiveness (not present before the trauma),
  as indicated by three (or more) of the following
• (1) efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or
  conversations associated with the trauma
• (2) efforts to avoid activities, places, or
  people that arouse recollections of the trauma
• (3) inability to recall an important aspect of
  the trauma
• (4) markedly diminished interest or
  participation in significant activities
• (5) feeling of detachment or estrangement from
  others
• (6) restricted range of affect (e.g., unable
  to have loving feelings)
• (7) sense of a foreshortened future (e.g.,
  does not expect to have a career, marriage,
  children, or a normal life span.
• D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not
  present before the trauma), as indicated by two
  (or more) of the following
• (1) difficulty falling or staying asleep
• (2) irritability or outbursts of anger
• (3) difficulty concentrating
• (4) hypervigilance
• (5) exaggerated startle response
• Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criteria
  B, C, and D) is more than 1 month.
• The disturbance causes clinically significant
  distress or impairment in social, occupational,
  or other important areas of functioning.

7
The features of a panic attack

• A panic attack is a sudden onset of intense fear,
  terror, apprehension and a sense of impending
  doom. It builds to a peak rapidly (10 minutes or
  less) and is accompanied by a sense of imminent
  danger. Often described as terrifying. The
  DSM-IV requires a discrete period of intense fear
  and discomfort including four of the following
• 1. Palpitation, heart pounding or rate
  increase.
• 2. Sweating
• 3. Trembling or shaking 4. Sensations of
  shortness of breath
• 5. Feelings of choking.6. Chest pain
  or discomfort.
• 7. Nausea or abdominal distress.8. Feeling
  dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faint
• 9. Derealization (feelings or unreality)
  or depersonalization.
• 10. Fear of losing control or going crazy
• 11. Fear of dying.
• 12. Paresthesias (numbness or tingling
  sensations).13. Chills or hot flushes.

8
Obsessions, compulsions and obsessive-compulsive
disorder

• Obsessions are cognitive phenomena and consist of
  unwanted, persistent and intrusive thoughts.
  They are often said to be ego-alien. Common
  obsessions include persistent thoughts about
  contamination and germs, accident or injury, and
  horrific impulses or images. Can be
  distinguished in several ways
• Obsessional Ideas
• Obsessional Images
• Obsessional Convictions
• Obsessional Rumination
• Obsessional Impulses
• Compulsions are motor phenomena that involve
  irresistible, repetitive, and ritualistic actions
  and behaviors. Common compulsions include
  washing and cleaning, checking (e.g., are doors
  locked?), and ordering.
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder involves obsessions
  and/or compulsions that are recognized as
  excessive or unreasonable, cause marked distress
  to the individual, involve significant amount of
  time (gt 1 hour/day), and/or result in significant
  impairment in daily functioning.

9

• Somatoform Disorders
• Somatization disorder
• Hypochondriasis
• Pain disorder
• Conversion disorder
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative amnesia
• Dissociative fugue
• Dissociative identity disorder
• Depersonalization disorder

10

• Types of Symptoms Observed in Conversion Disorder
• Sensory symptoms
• Motor symptoms
• Visceral symptoms
• Traditional Ways to Discriminate Organic From
  Conversion
• Belle indifference
• Failure to conform to medical symptom pattern
• Selective nature of disorder
• Symptoms removed under hypnosis