History of Globalization

1
History of Globalization

• PSC 300
• September 14, 2005

2
What To Cover

• conceptualization of globalization (conclusion)
• History of globalization
• Normative Questions
• Policy Issues
• Video

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Conceptualization

• Westernization
• Def Modernization
• Domestic Effects
• Institutions
• Structure
• Actors
• Sovereignty
• Role of the State

• Universalization
• Def Universal dissemination of cultural aspects
• Domestic effects on
• Institutions
• Structure
• Actors
• Sovereignty
• Role of the State

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History of Globalization
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Conclusion

• Quantitative changes
• Numbers eg, turnover
• Qualitative changes
• Type eg technologies used
• Spatial changes
• speed and intensity eg time and spread
• Relational changes
• Actors, key players/ power wielders eg
  market/consumer proximity
• Involves long cycles

• Critiques
• Western historical bias eg 15 19 century
  changes
• adhocracy in argument due to relativity eg large
  of the worlds population marginalized
• Still emphasis on quantitative changes
  (internationalization?)

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contested normatively

• Globalization
• Emancipatory
• Disempowers
• Examples
• Security
• Equity
• democracy

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• Security
• Emancipatory
• New forms of security
• Human health
• ecological awareness and conventions
• economic emerging economies
• Warfare unthinkable
• Undermines security
• New forms of insecurity
• social insecurity (SAPs), financial insecurity,
  Intl division of labor
• Vast ecological disasters (Kilimanjaro,
  submersion of land)
• New warfare techno-war, media war, new
  terrorism, cyber crime

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• Equity
• Emancipation
• All better off eventually (trickle down)
• More women employed
• IGO TNOs contribution to development
• Inequitable relations
• Between countries
• Deepened socio-economic disparities
• Undermined state as promoter of social justice
  (distributive keynesian economics)
• Promoted gendered injustice division of labor
  (EPZs)
• Peripheries vs metropoles

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• Democracy
• Enhanced
• Participation in politics
• Free and fair elections
• Access to information (Public information acts)
• liberal democracy
• Antithetical to democracy
• Low-intensity democracy and Polyarchy
• Privatized prejudices thru Internet voting (175
  by 200)
• Inadequacy of democracy
• MNCs and IOs undermine democracy
• Intrusive surveillance
• But positively reform democracy ? devolution and
  subsidiarity

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contested policy role

• Neoliberals
• reject statist economic management
• Market forces to play removal of tariffs,
  privatization
• Governments only facilitate
• Critiques
• no focus on freeing labor
• state required sometimes for pill to be
  swallowed
• benefits the powerful
• markets fail prone to bursts and booms

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• Reformists (social democrats?)
• Guided capitalism
• Regulate
• State to correct market failures tame corporate
  power
• Supra-state to manage global capitalism
• Global institutions work to protect the
  vulnerable
• Critiques
• Maintaining balance a challenge
• Radicalists (two kinds)
• Traditionalists De-globalize stop reverse
• Postmodernists Revolutionary transformation

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• Traditionalists return to the pre-global past
• Economic nationalism (delinking)
• Religious revivalism (fundamentalism, modern
  alternatives)
• Radical environmentalism (self sufficiency)
• Postmodernists advance globalization on
  different premises
• post capitalist society (from local proletariat
  to global movements)
• Relativism (plural identities, knowledge,
  cultures etc)
• Critiques
• have limited followers
• Not taken root in the leadership

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• Scholte
• Ambitious reformism A mix of
• Reformism (the bulk of it) a touch of
• Neoliberalism (avoid harms)
• Radicalism
• redistribution,
• identity and knowledge politics progressivism)

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Video Questions to Ask

• Who has the power?
• Where is the state located?
• How does all of this affect you, if at all?
• What can you do about it?
• What do you celebrate?
• What bothers you the most?
• Whose voices are not heard?
• What is left unsaid?