Co-articulation

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Co-articulation
simultaneous articulation at two different
locations

• essential
• Double articulation
• Secondary articulation

• accidental
• Assimilation
• Anticipatory
• Perserverative

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Double articulation

• Have same degree of vertical dimension
• stop stop
• fricative fricative
• approximant approximant

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Double articulation

• stop stop
• Some examples
• Idoma
• Yoruba

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(Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996)
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(Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996)
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Double articulation

• fricative fricative
• Highly debated
• Swedish
• approximant approximant
• Labial approximant velar approximant
• Labial approximant palatal approximant

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Secondary articulation

• Labialization
• Palatalization
• Velarization
• Pharyngealization

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Secondary articulation

• Labialization

Kwakwala
Arrernte
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Secondary articulation

• Palatalization
• Russian examples

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Secondary articulation

• Velarization

Arabic
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Secondary articulation

• Pharyngealization

Arabic examples