Race and Calhoun County: What Does the Data Say

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Race and Calhoun CountyWhat Does the Data Say?

• Calhoun County Summit on the Healing of Racism
• September 22nd 2006
• Jason Reece, AICP
• Senior Research Associate
• Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and
  Ethnicity
• The Ohio State University
• http//www.kirwaninstitute.org/

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Overview

• Reviewing the data
• Does the data support the findings/opinions of
  summit participants?
• Need to look deeper than just disparities
• Looking at some of the key sector areas
• Education
• Housing
• Health
• Crime
• Business/Economic Development
• Despite the importance of all issues identified
  by summit participants, data limitations do not
  allow us to look at everything

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Kalamazoo-Battle Creek Disparities (2000 Census)
Expressed as a ratio against the indicator for
whites
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Moving Beyond Thinking of Just Disparities

• We must look in greater detail into more than
  just disparities
• What are potential causal factors?
• Disparities harm everyone and the entire region
• Both people of color and Whites do poorly in some
  areas

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Thinking About the Entire Region

• Disparities our tied to the health of the entire
  region
• Between 2000 and 2005, the population of Calhoun
  County is estimated to have declined by 3
• Between 1999 and 2003, the County lost 8 of its
  employment opportunities
• The Countys poverty rate increased 26 between
  2000 and 2005

Source U.S. Census Bureau
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Education

• Are reflections by summit participants reflected
  in the data?
• Yes, along several areas
• Test Score disparities, racial/economic
  segregation, community differences
• School funding?

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Calhoun County Percent Passing Proficiency
Tests by Race in 2004
Source Standard and Poors Database
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Variation in School Districts in Calhoun County
2004( Economically Disadvantaged, Passing
Reading and Math Proficiency, African American)
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Educational Equity
POOR IN THE SCHOOL OF AVERAGE GROUP
MEMBER Kalamazoo-Battle Creek MSA 2000 Census
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Kalamazoo-Battle Creek MSARacial Segregation in
Schools
Taken directly from the Lewis Mumford Center
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School Funding Per Pupil Expenditures for
Albion, Battle Creek Districts and County Average
2004
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Housing

• Are reflections by summit participants reflected
  in the data?
• Yes
• Neighborhood Segregation, Lending Disparities,
  Cost Issues, Homeownership
• Outcomes should be better for all

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Racial and Economic Segregation

• Convergence between school segregation and
  neighborhood segregation
• Also racial segregation and economic segregation
• African American Neighborhoods
• On average, had poverty rates that were double
  the rates of the average White neighborhood in
  the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek MSA

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Housing Cost Concerns

• Cost burdened households
• In 2000
• 43 of low income households had housing problems
  due to cost
• Nearly 20 of low income households were severely
  cost burdened (paying more than half of their
  income for housing)
• Cost and geographic exclusion
• Geographic trends in areas of growth and housing
  cost
• Racial impact

Source Dept. of Housing and Urban Development
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Lending Disparities
Source HMDA and Dataplace
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Homeownership Disparities

• Homeownership rates by race in Calhoun County
  (2000)
• White 77
• African American 52
• Latino 53
• Reflection on racial disparities in housing cost
  problems and asset development

Source Census Bureau
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Health Care

• Are reflections by summit participants reflected
  in the data?
• Yes
• Health outcome disparities, pre and neonatal
  health, insurance access
• Outcomes should be better for all

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Health Disparity 2004 Calhoun County
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Health Disparity 2004 Calhoun County
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Calhoun CountyRacial Disparities(Prenatal
Health)
In 2004, 16 of White mothers and 20 of African
American mothers did not receive prenatal care.
Source Michigan Department of Health
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Health Care Access Insurance Rates for Michigan
2003-2004
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Representation and Cultural Competency
In 2005, only 5 of Physicians in Michigan are
African American and only 2 are Latino in
comparison the States total African American
population is 14 and the total Latino population
is 4.
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Crime

• Are reflections by summit participants reflected
  in the data?
• State trends reflect some issues identified by
  the group
• National data support other issues
• Limited local data in this area

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Incarceration Rates by Race MI

• In 2001
• African American incarceration rates in MI were
  2,247 (rate per 100,000 population)
• White incarceration rates in MI were 369
• A disparity in incarceration rates of more than
  600

Source The Sentencing Project
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Incarceration Rates by Race MI
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Arrest Rates 2004 Calhoun County

• African Americans represented 35 of arrests in
  Calhoun County
• African Americans represent 46 of narcotics
  arrests
• More than 15 of all African American arrests
  were for narcotics related offenses, compared to
  9 of White arrests

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Racial Profiling MI 2000

• Traffic Citations
• African American Males represent 8.6 of
  citations
• Probable Cause Searches
• African American Males were involved in 24 of
  all searches (in comparison African American
  males make up 6 of total population)

Source Michigan State Police
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Crime Victimization Homicide
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Crime Victimization Homicide
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Business and Economic Development

• Are reflections by summit participants reflected
  in the data?
• Yes
• Poverty, wages, proximity to jobs
• Poor economic conditions in region/state may make
  conditions grow worse

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Racial Disparities Calhoun County in 2000

• Poverty Rates
• White (9)
• African American (23)
• Per Capita Income
• White (20,091)
• African American (14,518)

Source US Census Bureau
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Proximity Job Trends and Race

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Proximity Job Trends and Race

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